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Passage 1Jane Goodall was already on a London dock in March 1957 when she realized that

Passage 1

Jane Goodall was already on a London dock in March 1957 when she realized that her passport was missing. In just a few hours, she was due to depart on her first trip to Africa. A school friend had moved to a farm outside Nairobi and, knowing Goodall’s childhood dream was to live among the African wildlife, invited her to stay with the family for a while. Goodall, then 22, saved for two years to pay for her passage to Kenya: waitressing, doing secretarial work, temping at the post office in her hometown, Bournemouth, on England’s southern coast. Now all this was for naught, it seemed.

It’s hard not to wonder how subsequent events in her life — rather consequential as they have turned out to be to conservation, to science, to our sense of ourselves as a species — might have unfolded differently had someone not found her passport, along with an itinerary from Cook’s, the travel agency, folded inside, and delivered it to the Cook’s office. An agency representative, documents in hand, found her on the dock. “Incredible,” Goodall told me last month, recalling that day. “Amazing.”

Within two months of her arrival, Goodall met the paleontologist Louis Leakey — Nairobi was a small town for its white population in those days — and he immediately offered her a job at the natural-history museum where he was curator. He spent much of the next three years testing her capacity for repetitive work.

He believed in a hypothesis first put forth by Charles Darwin that humans and chimpanzees share an evolutionary ancestor. Close study of chimpanzees in the wild, he thought, might tell us something about that common progenitor. He was, in other words, looking for someone to live among Africa’s wild animals. One night, he told Goodall that he knew just the place where she could do it: Gombe Stream Chimpanzee Reserve, in the British colony of Tanganyika (now Tanzania).

In July 1960, Goodall boarded a boat and after a few hours motoring over thewarm, deep waters of Lake Tanganyika, she stepped onto the pebbly beach at Gombe. Her finding, published in Nature in 1964, that chimpanzees use tools — extracting insects from a termite mound with leaves of grass — drastically and forever altered humanity’s understanding of itself; man was no longer the natural world’s only user of tools.

After two and a half decades of living out her childhood dream, Goodall made an abrupt career shift, from scientist to conservationist.

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更多“Passage 1Jane Goodall was already on a London dock in March 1957 when she realized that”相关的问题

第1题

中国和欧洲是两大战略力适量,肩负推动全球经济发展、促进人类文明进步、维护世界和平的崇高使命,双

方正在形成不断放大的战略交集。中国是最大的新兴市场国家,欧盟是最大的发达经济体,“最大”与“最大”交融、 一切都有可能,“新兴”与“发达”携手、优势就会倍增,中欧在新兴和发达经济体合作中可以成为典范。

中国和欧洲分处欧亚大陆的两端,这块大陆是世界上面积最大的大陆,也是人口最多的大陆,市场空间广阔,发展机遇巨大。中欧都主张国际关系民主化,在许多国际重大事务上有共同利益?双方关系具有越来越重要的全球影响。中欧都有伟大的文明,中国推崇“和而不同”,欧盟倡导“多元一体”,13亿多中国人与7亿多欧洲人命运相连、前途相关,中欧在不同文明包容互鉴中可以成为引领。

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第2题

Equipped with the camera extender known as a selfie stick, occasionally referred to as “

the wand of narcissism,” tourists can now reach for flattering selfies wherever they go.

Art museums have watched this development nervously, fearing damage to their collections or to visitors, as users swing their slicks with abandon. Now they are taking action. One by one, museums across the United States have been imposing bans on using selfie sticks for photographs inside galleries (adding them to existing rules on umbrellas, backpacks and tripods), yet another example of how controlling crowding has become part of the museum mission.

The Mirshhom Museum and Sculpture Garden in Washington prohibited the sticks this month, and the Museum of Fine Arts in Houston plans to impose a ban. In New York, the Metropolitan Museum of Art, which has been studying the matter for some time, has just decided that it will forbid selfie slicks, too. New signs will be posted soon.

“From now on ,you will be asked quietly to put it away,” said Sree Sreenivasan, the chief digital officer at the Metropolitan Museum of Art. “It’s one thing to take a picture at arm’s length, but when it is three times arm’s length, you are invading someone else’s personal space.”

The personal space of other visitors is just one problem. The artwork is another. “We do not want to have to put all the art under glass,” said Deborah Ziska, the chief of public information at the National Gallery of Art in Washington, which has been quietly enforcing a ban on selfie sticks, but is in the process of adding it formally to its printed guidelines for visitors.

Last but not least is the threat to the camera operator, intent on capturing the perfect shot and oblivious to the surroundings. “If people are not paying attention in the Temple of Dendur, they can end up in the water with the crocodile sculpture,” Mr. Sreenivasan said. “We have so many balconies you could fall from, and stairs you can trip on.”

At the Metropolitan Museum of Art on Thursday, Jasmine Adaos, a selfie-stick user from Chile, expressed dismay. “It’s just another product,” she said. “When you have a regular camera, it’s the same thing. I don’t see the problem if you’re careful.” But Hai Lin student from Shandong, China, conceded that the museum might have a point. “You can hit people when they’re passing by,” she said.

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第3题

Passage 1人口问题归根结底是发展问题。人口的急剧增长,社会经济的迅速发展,给资源和环境带来了空

Passage 1

人口问题归根结底是发展问题。人口的急剧增长,社会经济的迅速发展,给资源和环境带来了空前压力。我们要关注人口增长与经济社会发展的关系,统筹解决好人口数量、素质、结构和分布问题。

人口流动和家庭结构变化将对公共服务和社会治理带来挑战。大规模的人口流动成为推动社会变迁的主要力量,同时也加快了家庭的小型化、多样化、离散化。

我们要大力推进流动人口基本公共服务均等化,着力提升流动人口服务管理水平,确保流动人口公平公正地享受城镇公共资源和社会福利,全面参与政治、经济、社会和文化生活,实现经济立足、社会接纳、身份认同和文化交融。

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第4题

人类正处于极端天气的适应期,炎热的酷暑、狂暴的飓风、刺骨的严寒以及滔天的洪水近乎成了“常客”。风

调雨顺已被视为“奢侈品”。气象学家对此众说纷纭,莫衷一是。有的说是全球变暖所致,有的说是大气环流异常,还有的认为厄尔尼诺是罪魁祸首。

尽管如此,大多数学者都认同这样一个观点:全球气候变化速度正在加剧,极端灾害天气今后无疑将更加频繁,并且其强度和范围都将走强。面对日益脆弱的全球气候,人类需要更认真地思考,如何切实有效地规范自身活动,珍爱我们共同的家园。

未来极端事件将对与气候有密切相关的行业,如水利、农业、林业、能源、健康和旅游业等有更大影响。在世界经济发展不稳定性、不确定性上升的当下,上述因素为全球经济复苏带来更多变数。

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第5题

2000年,中国建成北斗导航试验系统,这使中国成为继美、俄之后世界上第三个拥有自主卫星导航系统的

国家。

虽然目前它的定位精度与GPS还有一定的差距,但它具备了GPS所没有的短报通信和位置报告的功能。在没有手机信号的地方,用户也可以通过该系统发送短信。

2008年四川汶川大地震后,灾区电话无法接通,手机信号中断。救援人员将北斗导航终端带入灾区,及时保持了与外界的通讯联络。

该系统的位置报吿功能可以帮助交通管理部门掌握行驶车辆的位置,及时疏导交通,缓解交通拥堵状况。

虽然北斗卫组导航系统时中国独立发展、自主运行的卫星导航系统,但这并不影响它与世界上其他卫星导航系统之间的兼容性。用户在同时使用北斗和GPS这两种导航系统时,定位和导航效果会更好。

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第6题

It sounds so promising. A network of dedicated cycle routes runs through a city, with ai

r pumps to fix flat tires, footrests to lean on while taking breaks and trash cans that are specially angled, so you can throw in empty water bottles without stopping.

Best of all, you can cycle on those routes for long distances without having to make way for cars and trucks at junctions and traffic lights, according to the official description of the Cycle Super Highways, which are under construction here as part of the Danish capital’s efforts to become carbon-neutral by 2025. Are they as good as they sound? These days it is hard to find a big city that doesn’t make grandiose claims to encourage cycling, and harder still to find one that fulfills them. Redesigning congested traffic systems to add hike lanes to overcrowded roads is fiendishly difficult, especially in historic cities with narrow cobbled streets like Copenhagen. But as its cycling program sounds so ambitious, I went there to try it.

Maybe I’d be less cynical if I lived in Amsterdam, Cologne or any other city with decent cycling facilities. But as a Londoner, I’ve learned the hard way to be suspicious whenever politicians promise to do anything bike-friendly. London’s mayor, Boris Johnscoff, is a keen cyclist, who issues policy papers with auspicious titles like “Cycling Revolution” and has continued his predecessor’s biking program by introducing a cycle-rental project and building new bike lanes.

So far, so good. You may think, unless you have braved the potholes, parked trucks and construction debris that obstruct those lanes, many of which appear to have been designed by “someone who has never seen a bicycle, let alone ridden one.

Luckily for Copenhagen’s cyclists, their system has been more thoughtfully designed. The capital is a compact, reasonably flat city which is naturally bike-friendly, and even its old cycle routes are wider and better maintained than London’s. More than a third of Copenhageners already bike to work or school, mainly on short journeys of an average of 5 kilometers, or 3 miles.

The city’s traffic planners hope to encourage people to cycle for longer distances by creating the cycling equivalent of freeways, which will provide fast, direct routes of up to 22 kilometers into the center. A total of 28 highways are planned, providing 495 kilometers of dedicated bike tracks. The first one fromthe western suburb of Albertslund opened in April 2012, followed a year by the second, from Farum, northwest of the city.

What are the superhighways like? Judging by my experience of the Farum route, they’re great. Impressive though the air pumps, footrests and angled trash cans are, the biggest thrill was pedaling through the “green waves” of uninterrupted green traffic lights, which have been programmed to prioritize cyclists over cars.

It was also cheering to see bikers chatting while cycling two or three abreast in “conversation lanes.” Like most urban bikers, I usually value the practical benefits of cycling, as a speedy means of transport and convenient form. of exercise, but the Farum route made it as pleasurable as zipping along empty country lanes.

The planners hope the full network will eventually encourage a 30-percent increase in cycling among Copenhagen’s comments, which would be hugely beneficial in terms of reducing the city’s CO2 emissions and health care costs.

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第7题

Apple may well be the only technical company on the planet that would dare compare itsel

f to Picasso.

In a class at the company’s internal university, the instructor likened the 11 lithographs that make up Picasso’s The Dull to the way Apple builds its smartphones and other devices. The idea is that Apple designers strive for simplicity just as Picasso eliminated details to create a great work of art.

Steven P. Jobs established the Apple University as a way to inculcate employees into Apple’s business culture and educate them about its history, particularly as the company grew and the technical business changed. Courses are not required, only recommended, but getting new employees to enroll is rarely a problem.

Randy Nelson, who came from the animation studio Pixar, co-founded by Mr. Jobs, is one of the teachers of “Communicating at Apple.” This course, open to various levels of employees, focuses on clear communication, not just for making products intuitive, but also for sharing ideas with peers and marketing products.

In a version of the class taught last year, Mr. Nelson showed a slide of The Bull, a series of 11 lithographs of a bull that Picasso created over about a month, starting in late 1945. In the early stages, the bull has a snout, shoulder shanks and hooves, but over the iterations, those details vanish. The last image is a curvy stick figure that is still unmistakably a bull.

“You go through more iterations until you can simply deliver your message in a very concise way, and that is true to the Apple brand and everything we do,” recalled one person who took the course.

In “What Makes Apple, Apple,” another course that Mr. Nelson occasionally teaches, he showed a slide of the remote control for the Google TV, said an employee who took the class last year. The remote control has 78 buttons. Then, the employee said, Mr. Nelson displayed a photo of the Apple TV remote control, a thin piece of metal with just three buttons.

How did Apple’s designers decide on three buttons? They started out with an idea. Mr. Nelson explained, and debated until they had just what was needed — a button to play and pause a video, a button to select something to watch, and another to go to the main menu.

The Google TV remote control serves as a counterexample. It had so many buttons, Mr. Nelson said, because the individual engineers and designers who worked on the project all got what they wanted.

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第8题

能源安全同世界经济的稳定发展和各国人民的福祉息息相关。在当前国际金融危机背景下,维护全球能源

安全对有效应对国际金融危机冲击、推动世界经济全面复苏和长远发展具有重要意义。

国际社会应树立互利合作、多元发展、协同保障的新能源安全观,共同稳定能源等大宗商品价格、防止过度投机和炒作,保障各国特别是发展中国家能源需求,维护能源市场正常秩序。同时,各国应改善能源结构,加强先进能源技术的研发和推广,大力发展清洁和可再生能源,在相关领域积极开展国际合作。

中国政府高度重视能源和能源安全问题。在解决中国的能源问题上,始终坚持节约优先、立足国内、多元发展、保护环境的原则,加强国际互利合作,大力改善和调整能源结构,努力构筑稳定、经济、清洁、安全的能源供应体系。中国愿与世界各国一道共同努力,建立起能源合作长效机制,为保障全球能源安全、应对气候变化做出应有的贡献。

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第9题

冲突对抗,是构建中美新型大国关系的必要前提。有研究显示,历史上大约有过15次新兴大国的崛起,其中

有11次与既有大国之间发生了对抗和战争。但现在的世界已今非昔比,中美之间乃至全球各国之间已是日趋紧密的利益共同体,对抗将是双输,战争没有出路。不冲突、不对抗的宣示,就是要顺应全球化潮流,改变对中美关系的负面预期,解决两国之间的战略互不信,构建对中美关系前景的正面信心。

相互尊重,是构建中美新型大国关系的基本原则。世界是多样的,中美作为两个社会制度不同、历史文化背景各异,同时又利益相互交织的大国,相互尊重就显得尤为重要。我们只有相互尊重对方人民选择的制度与道路,相互尊重彼此的核心利益与关切,才能求同存异,进而聚同化异,实现两国的和谐相处。

合作共赢,是中美构建新型大国关系的必由之路。中美双方在双边关系各领域都有着广泛合作需求和巨大合作潜力。此外,作为两个大国,环顾当今世界,从反恐到网络安全,从核不扩散到气候变化,从中东和平到非洲发展,也都离不开中美两国的共同参与、合作和贡献。

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第10题

中华民族历经磨难,自强不息,从未放弃对美好梦想的向往和追求。实现中华民族伟大复兴的中国梦是近

代以来中华民族的夙愿。

在新的历史时期,中国梦的本质是国家富强、民族振兴、人民幸福。我们的奋斗目标是,到2020年国内生产总值和城乡居民人均收入在2010年基础上翻一番,全面建成小康社会。到本世纪中叶,建成富强民主文明和谐的社会主义现代化国家,实现中华民族伟大复兴的中国梦。

实现中国梦,必须坚持中国特色社会主义道路。我们已经在这条道路上走了30多年,历史证明,这是一条符合中国国情、富民强国的正确道路,我们将坚定不移地沿着这条道路走下去。

实现中国梦,必须弘扬中国精神。用以爱国主义为核心的民族精神和以改革创新为核心的时代精神振奋起全民族的“精气神”。

实现中国梦,必须凝聚中国力量。空谈误国,实干兴邦。我们要用13亿中国人的智慧和力量,一代又一代中国人不懈努力,把我们的国家建设好,把我们的民族发展好。

实现中国梦,必须坚持和平发展。我们将始终不渝走和平发展道路,始终不渝奉行互利共赢的开放战略,不仅致力于中国自身发展,也强调对世界的责任和贡献;不仅造福中国人民,而且造福世界人民。实现中国梦给世界带来的是和平,不是动荡;是机遇,不是威胁。

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