Some soil scientists have asserted that decaying matter on the forest floor is a far great

on objectives would in general be better served if private environmental groups were put in charge of operating and financing the national park system, which is now run by the government. Which of the following, assuming that it is a realistic possibility, argues most strongly against the suggestion above?

A．Those seeking to abolish all restrictions on exploiting the natural resources of the parks might join the private environmental groups as members and eventually take over their leadership.

B．Private environmental groups might not always agree on the best ways to achieve conservation objectives.

C．If they wished to extend the park system, the private environmental groups might have to seek contributions from major donors and the general public.

D．There might be competition among private environmental groups for control of certain park areas.

E．Some endangered species, such as the California condor, might die out despite the best efforts of the private environmental groups, even if those groups are not hampered by insufficient resources.

han those who rely on court-appointed public defenders. This explains why criminals who commit lucrative crimes like embezzlement or insider trading are more successful at avoiding conviction than are street criminals. The explanation offered above would be more persuasive if which one of the following were true?

A．Many street crimes, such as drug dealing, are extremely lucrative and those committing them can afford expensive private lawyers.

B．Most prosecutors are not competent to handle cases involving highly technical financial evidence and have more success in prosecuting cases of robbery or simple assault.

C．The number of criminals convicted of street crimes is far greater than the number of criminals convicted of embezzlement or insider trading.

D．The percentage of defendants who actually committed the crimes of which they are accused is no greater for publicly defended than for privately defended defendants.

E．Juries, out of sympathy for the victims of crimes, are much more likely to convict defendants accused of violent crimes than they are to convict defendants accused of "victimless" crimes or crimes against property.

vy development costs can be recouped in later sales, the current 20 years of protection provided by patents should be extended in the case of newly developed drugs. However, in other industries new-product development continues despite high development costs, a fact that indicates that the extension is unnecessary. Which of the following, if true, most strongly supports the pharmaceutical industry s argument against the challenge made above?

A．No industries other than the pharmaceutical industry have asked for an extension of the 20-year limit on patent protection.

B．Clinical trials of new drugs, which occur after the patent is granted and before the new drug can be marketed, often now take as long as 10 years to complete.

C．There are several industries in which the ratio of research and development costs to revenues is higher than it is in the pharmaceutical industry.

D．An existing patent for a drug does not legally prevent pharmaceutical companies from bringing to market alternative drugs, provided they are sufficiently dissimilar to the patented drug.

E．Much recent industrial innovation has occurred in products—for example, in the computer and electronics industries—for which patent protection is often very ineffective.

ars, which consume greater amounts of gasoline as fuel. So United States automakers are unwilling to pursue the development of new fuel-efficient technologies aggressively. The particular reluctance of the United States automobile industry to do so, however, could threaten the industrys future. Which of the following, if true, would provide the most support for the claim above about the future of the United States automobile industry?

A．A prototype fuel-efficient vehicle, built five years ago, achieves a very high 81 miles per gallon on the highway and 63 in the city, but its materials are relatively costly.

B．Small cars sold by manufacturers in the United States are more fuel efficient now than before the sudden jump in oil prices in 1973.

C．Automakers elsewhere in the world have slowed the introduction of fuel-efficient technologies but have pressed ahead with research and development of them in preparation for a predicted rise in world oil prices.

D．There are many technological opportunities for reducing the waste of energy in cars and light trucks through weight, aerodynamic drag, and braking friction.

E．The promotion of mass transit over automobiles as an alternative mode of transportation has encountered consumer resistance that is due in part to the failure of mass transit to accommodate the wide dispersal of points of origin and destinations for trips.

According to the passage, Fabian s theory makes use of which of the following principles?

A．Gas emanating from an explosion will be hotter the more distant it is from the origin.

B．The wavelength of radiation emitted by a gas as it cools remains constant.

C．If pressure remains constant, the volume of a gas will decrease as it is cooled.

D．The volume of a gas will increase as the pressure increases.

E．As gas cools, its density decreases.

The author of the passage probably mentions Canizares determination in order to

A．clarify an ambiguity in Fabian"s research findings.

B．illustrate a generalization about the temperature of gas in a galaxy cluster.

C．introduce a new argument in support of the orthodox view of galaxies.

D．provide support for Fabian"s assertions about the Perseus galaxies.

E．provide an alternate point of view concerning the movement of gas within a galaxy cluster.

Which of the following best describes the organization of the passage?

A．A problem is described, and then reasons why various proposed solutions succeeded or failed are discussed.

B．A problem is described, and then an advantage of resolving it is offered.

C．A problem is described, and then reasons for its continuing existence are summarized.

D．The historical origins of a problem are described, and then various measures that have successfully resolved it are discussed.

E．The causes of a problem are described, and then its effects are discussed.

According to the passage, the more protein a rat consumes, the lower will be the

A．ratio of the rat" s blood-tryptophan concentration to the amount of serotonin produced and released in the rat"s brain.

B．ratio of the rat"s blood-tryptophan concentration to the concentration in its blood of the other amino acids contained in the protein.

C．ratio of the rat"s blood-tyrosine concentration to its blood-leucine concentration.

D．number of neurotransmitters of any kind that the rat will produce and release.

E．number of amino acids the rat" s blood will contain.

A．they would eventually need to design experiments that involved feeding rats high concentrations of protein.

B．tryptophan levels in the blood were difficult to monitor with accuracy.

C．serotonin levels increased after rats were fed meals rich in tryptophan.

D．there were many neurotransmitters whose production was dependent on metabolic processes elsewhere in the body.

E．serotonin levels increased after rats were injected with a large amount of tryptophan.

According to the passage, the floor of the Black Sea can best be compared to a

A．rapidly moving conveyor belt.

B．slowly settling foundation.

C．rapidly expanding balloon.

D．violently erupting volcano.

E．slowly eroding mountain.