To prevent some conflicts of interest, Congress could prohibit high-level government offic

thout being discovered. The stress responses that lie detector tests measure can be inhibited by the drug without noticeable side effects. One of the implications of this fact is that the drug can also be effective in reducing stress in everyday situations. An assumption of the passage is that

A．tranquilizers are always an effective treatment for stress.

B．the inhibition of stress responses increases subjective stress.

C．stress as measured by a lie detector is similar to everyday stress.

D．persons who lie during a lie detector test always display signs of stress.

E．it is not desirable to reduce stress in everyday situations.

re and more the influence of the Southwestern portion of the country. Once, very few people in New York City could be found sporting cowboy boots and Stetson hats, and no major radio station boasted twenty-four-hour-a-day programming of country and western music. The latest development is the rapid proliferation of restaurants serving chili, nachos, burritos, and other Tex-Mex dishes. The passage above makes which of the following assumptions?

A．The lifestyle. of people in the Northeast has been enriched by the influence of the Southwestern states.

B．Most residents of the Southwestern states regularly eat at Tex-Mex restaurants.

C．Over the last fifteen years, residents of the Southwestern United States have increasingly adopted lifestyles similar to those of the Northeast.

D．Tex-Mex dishes are an element of the regional cuisine of the Southwestern states.

E．People in the Northeastern United States eat out more frequently than they did fifteen years ago.

on motion and gravity. But Newton also conducted experiments secretly for many years based on the arcane theories of alchemy, trying unsuccessfully to transmute common metals into gold and produce rejuvenating elixirs. If the alchemists of the seventeenth century had published the results of their experiments, chemistry in the eighteenth century would have been more advanced than it actually was. Which one of the following assumptions would allow the conclusion concerning eighteenth-century chemistry to be properly drawn?

A．Scientific progress is retarded by the reluctance of historians to acknowledge the failures of some of the great scientists.

B．Advances in science are hastened when reports of experiments, whether successful or not, are available for review by other scientists.

C．Newton"s work on motion and gravity would not have gained wide acceptance if the results of his work in alchemy had also been made public.

D．Increasing specialization within the sciences makes it difficult for scientists in one field to understand the principles of other fields.

E．The seventeenth-century alchemists could have achieved their goals only if their experiments had been subjected to public scrutiny.

er influence, as measured by the number of times a paper is cited in subsequent papers, than has research without any collaboration. Papers that result from international collaboration are cited an average of seven times, whereas papers with single authors are cited only three times on average. This difference shows that research projects conducted by international research teams are of greater importance than those conducted by single researchers. Which one of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?

A．Prolific writers can inflate the number of citations they receive by citing themselves in subsequent papers.

B．It is possible to ascertain whether or not a paper is the product of international collaboration by determining the number of citations it has received.

C．The number of citations a paper receives is a measure of the importance of the research it reports.

D．The collaborative efforts of scientists who are citizens of the same country do not produce papers that are as important as papers that are produced by international collaboration.

E．International research teams tend to be more generously funded than are single researchers.

ed from domestication on the island 8,000 years ago. They therefore provide archaeologists with a picture of what some early domesticated sheep looked like, before the deliberate selective breeding that produced modern domesticated sheep began. The argument above makes which of the following assumptions?

A．The domesticated sheep of 8,000 years ago were quite dissimilar from the wild sheep of the time.

B．There are no other existing breeds of sheep that escaped from domestication at about the same time as the forebears of the mouflon.

C．Modern domesticated sheep are direct descendants of sheep that were wild 8,000 years ago.

D．Mouflon sheep are more similar to their forebears of 8,000 years ago than modern domesticated sheep are to theirs.

E．The climate of Corsica has not changed at all in the last 8,000 years.

s system for awarding employee performance ratings. The survey data indicated that employees who received high ratings were every satisfied with the system. The personnel director concluded from these data that the companys best-performing employees liked the system. The personnel directors conclusion assumes which of the following?

A．No other performance rating system is as good as the current system.

B．The company"s best-performing employees received high ratings.

C．Employees who received low ratings were dissatisfied with the system.

D．Employees who receive high ratings from a performance-rating system will like that system.

E．The company"s best-performing employees were motivated to perform. well by the knowledge that they would receive performance ratings.

which he mentions his reputed morphine addiction. On the basis of this evidence it is safe to say that Foes reputation for having been a morphine addict is undeserved and that reports of his supposed addiction are untrue. Which of the following is assumed by the argument above?

A．Reports claiming that Poe was addicted to morphine did not begin to circulate until after his death.

B．None of the reports of Poe"s supposed morphine addiction can be traced to individuals who actually knew Poe.

C．Poe"s income from writing would not have been sufficient to support a morphine addiction.

D．Poe would have been unable to carry on an extensive correspondence while under the influence of morphine.

E．Fear of the consequences would not have prevented Poe from indicating in his correspondence that he was addicted to morphine.

x months later, another random sample of shoppers responded to exactly the same questions, except that the questions were now arranged in a different order. The pattern of responses to many individual questions was greatly different, thus demonstrating that a question will sometimes elicit different responses depending only on what question precedes it. The argument above depends on which of the following assumptions?

A．The reordering of the questions did not put each question in a different sequential position from its position six months previously.

B．Shoppers who respond to a marketing survey do not generally remember six months later what responses they gave.

C．There was no motive for the second survey except that of discovering whether the ordering of the questions mattered.

D．The survey was not composed of questions to which shoppers would give different responses at different times of the year.

E．The first sample of shoppers did not have any individuals in common with the survey sample of six months later.

s and Canada, the United States has 33 percent more surgeons per capita. Clearly, this is the reason people in the United States undergo 40 percent more operations per capita than do Canadians. The explanation given above rests on an assumption that

A．patients in the United States do not have a greater need for surgery than do patients in Canada.

B．the population of the United States is not larger than that of Canada.

C．United States patients sometimes travel to Canada for certain kinds of surgery.

D．general practitioners in the United States do not as a rule examine a patient who is a candidate for surgery before sending the patient to a surgeon.

E．there are no unnecessary surgical operations performed in Canada.

anking them according to an overall numerical score that is a composite of ratings according to several criteria. However, the overall scores generally should not be used by students as the basis for deciding to which colleges to apply. Which of the following, if true, most helps to justify the counselor s recommendation?

A．The vast majority of people who purchase the magazine in which the list appears are not college-bound students.

B．Colleges that are ranked highest in the magazine"s list use this fact in advertisements aimed at attracting students.

C．The rankings seldom change from one year to the next.

D．The significance that particular criteria have for any two students is likely to differ according to the students" differing needs.

E．Some college students who are pleased with their schools considered the magazine"s rankings before deciding which college to attend.