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[主观题]

The seventeenth-century physicist Sir Isaac Newton is remembered chiefly for his treatises

on motion and gravity. But Newton also conducted experiments secretly for many years based on the arcane theories of alchemy, trying unsuccessfully to transmute common metals into gold and produce rejuvenating elixirs. If the alchemists of the seventeenth century had published the results of their experiments, chemistry in the eighteenth century would have been more advanced than it actually was. Which one of the following assumptions would allow the conclusion concerning eighteenth-century chemistry to be properly drawn?

A.Scientific progress is retarded by the reluctance of historians to acknowledge the failures of some of the great scientists.

B.Advances in science are hastened when reports of experiments, whether successful or not, are available for review by other scientists.

C.Newton"s work on motion and gravity would not have gained wide acceptance if the results of his work in alchemy had also been made public.

D.Increasing specialization within the sciences makes it difficult for scientists in one field to understand the principles of other fields.

E.The seventeenth-century alchemists could have achieved their goals only if their experiments had been subjected to public scrutiny.

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更多“The seventeenth-century physicist Sir Isaac Newton is remembered chiefly for his treatises”相关的问题

第1题

Scientific research that involves international collaboration has produced papers of great

er influence, as measured by the number of times a paper is cited in subsequent papers, than has research without any collaboration. Papers that result from international collaboration are cited an average of seven times, whereas papers with single authors are cited only three times on average. This difference shows that research projects conducted by international research teams are of greater importance than those conducted by single researchers. Which one of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?

A.Prolific writers can inflate the number of citations they receive by citing themselves in subsequent papers.

B.It is possible to ascertain whether or not a paper is the product of international collaboration by determining the number of citations it has received.

C.The number of citations a paper receives is a measure of the importance of the research it reports.

D.The collaborative efforts of scientists who are citizens of the same country do not produce papers that are as important as papers that are produced by international collaboration.

E.International research teams tend to be more generously funded than are single researchers.

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第2题

The wild mouflon sheep of the island of Corsica are direct descendants of sheep that escap

ed from domestication on the island 8,000 years ago. They therefore provide archaeologists with a picture of what some early domesticated sheep looked like, before the deliberate selective breeding that produced modern domesticated sheep began. The argument above makes which of the following assumptions?

A.The domesticated sheep of 8,000 years ago were quite dissimilar from the wild sheep of the time.

B.There are no other existing breeds of sheep that escaped from domestication at about the same time as the forebears of the mouflon.

C.Modern domesticated sheep are direct descendants of sheep that were wild 8,000 years ago.

D.Mouflon sheep are more similar to their forebears of 8,000 years ago than modern domesticated sheep are to theirs.

E.The climate of Corsica has not changed at all in the last 8,000 years.

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第3题

A companys personnel director surveyed employees about their satisfaction with the company

s system for awarding employee performance ratings. The survey data indicated that employees who received high ratings were every satisfied with the system. The personnel director concluded from these data that the companys best-performing employees liked the system. The personnel directors conclusion assumes which of the following?

A.No other performance rating system is as good as the current system.

B.The company"s best-performing employees received high ratings.

C.Employees who received low ratings were dissatisfied with the system.

D.Employees who receive high ratings from a performance-rating system will like that system.

E.The company"s best-performing employees were motivated to perform. well by the knowledge that they would receive performance ratings.

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第4题

A thorough search of Edgar Allan Poe s correspondence has turned up not a single letter in

which he mentions his reputed morphine addiction. On the basis of this evidence it is safe to say that Foes reputation for having been a morphine addict is undeserved and that reports of his supposed addiction are untrue. Which of the following is assumed by the argument above?

A.Reports claiming that Poe was addicted to morphine did not begin to circulate until after his death.

B.None of the reports of Poe"s supposed morphine addiction can be traced to individuals who actually knew Poe.

C.Poe"s income from writing would not have been sufficient to support a morphine addiction.

D.Poe would have been unable to carry on an extensive correspondence while under the influence of morphine.

E.Fear of the consequences would not have prevented Poe from indicating in his correspondence that he was addicted to morphine.

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第5题

A random sample of shoppers responded to the questions contained in a marketing survey. Si

x months later, another random sample of shoppers responded to exactly the same questions, except that the questions were now arranged in a different order. The pattern of responses to many individual questions was greatly different, thus demonstrating that a question will sometimes elicit different responses depending only on what question precedes it. The argument above depends on which of the following assumptions?

A.The reordering of the questions did not put each question in a different sequential position from its position six months previously.

B.Shoppers who respond to a marketing survey do not generally remember six months later what responses they gave.

C.There was no motive for the second survey except that of discovering whether the ordering of the questions mattered.

D.The survey was not composed of questions to which shoppers would give different responses at different times of the year.

E.The first sample of shoppers did not have any individuals in common with the survey sample of six months later.

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第6题

Although the ratio of physicians to total population is about the same in the United State

s and Canada, the United States has 33 percent more surgeons per capita. Clearly, this is the reason people in the United States undergo 40 percent more operations per capita than do Canadians. The explanation given above rests on an assumption that

A.patients in the United States do not have a greater need for surgery than do patients in Canada.

B.the population of the United States is not larger than that of Canada.

C.United States patients sometimes travel to Canada for certain kinds of surgery.

D.general practitioners in the United States do not as a rule examine a patient who is a candidate for surgery before sending the patient to a surgeon.

E.there are no unnecessary surgical operations performed in Canada.

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第7题

Counselor: Every year a popular newsmagazine publishes a list of United States colleges, r

anking them according to an overall numerical score that is a composite of ratings according to several criteria. However, the overall scores generally should not be used by students as the basis for deciding to which colleges to apply. Which of the following, if true, most helps to justify the counselor s recommendation?

A.The vast majority of people who purchase the magazine in which the list appears are not college-bound students.

B.Colleges that are ranked highest in the magazine"s list use this fact in advertisements aimed at attracting students.

C.The rankings seldom change from one year to the next.

D.The significance that particular criteria have for any two students is likely to differ according to the students" differing needs.

E.Some college students who are pleased with their schools considered the magazine"s rankings before deciding which college to attend.

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第8题

Government bans on the dumping of sludge anywhere in the ocean are based on the belief tha

t the spread of sludge by ocean currents poses a danger to people. Since it is not clear that sludge dumped on the ocean bottom, far from coasts, would endanger people, the bans should be revised to apply only to coastal waters. Each of the following, if true, supports the conclusion that the bans on ocean dumping should be revised EXCEPT:

A.The slow-moving water near the ocean bottom mixes so slowly with water closer to the surface that sludge dumped on the ocean bottom would be decomposed by bacteria before currents could bring it to the surface.

B.Many locations on the ocean bottom far from coasts are geologically stable, and unlikely to be disrupted by earthquakes or volcanic eruptions.

C.Deep-sea marine plants and animals in the human food chain live at depths far above the ocean bottom.

D.Dumping large amounts of sludge would have an unknown effect on organisms that live on the ocean bottom.

E.The technology exists to lower sewage sludge to ocean-bottom dump sites without contaminating waters closer to the surface.

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第9题

The Wheat Farmers Alliance, a political action committee, attracts 70 percent of its contr

ibutors from an advertisement requesting contributions placed only in the September, October, and November issues of the Grange Report, a monthly newsletter for wheat farmers. The president of the Wheat Farmers Alliance, to increase the number of contributors, decides to advertise in each of the monthly issues of the Grange Report. She expects that, as a result of the additional Grange Report advertisements, the number of contributors will be increased to at least double the present number. Which of the following, if true, would most strongly support the president s expectation?

A.The September, October, and November advertisements were noticed by fewer than one-third of those readers of the Grange Report who would be willing to contribute to the Wheat Farmers Alliance.

B.Wheat farmers traditionally repay their bank loans in late summer after the winter wheat crop has been harvested and sold.

C.The majority of the readers of the Grange Report with a great enough interest in the Wheat Farmers Alliance to contribute have already responded to the advertisements.

D.Most of those who contribute to the Wheat Farmers Alliance in the course of a year do so in response to advertisements in the Grange Report.

E.The total number of readers of the Grange Report is stable from year to year.

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第10题

Researchers have discovered a new poison, bromethalin, that is lethal to all rats, even to

those species that have become immune to other poisons, as well as to those rats that eat only the most minute quantities. Tests have demonstrated that rats will not learn to avoid bromethalin and that carcasses of rats killed by bromethalin pose no threat to the well-being of other animals. Which of the following statements, if true, would support the researchers claim that carcasses of rats killed by bromethalin will not pose a threat to other animals?

A.Rats that consume bromethalin die immediately.

B.Animals, prompted by curiosity, often examine carcasses that appear in their territory.

C.Chemicals in the digestive tract of dead rats quickly break bromethalin down into a nontoxic substance.

D.Traces of bromethalin remain in the rat" s mouth and saliva after the rat eats the poison.

E.Certain animals are scavengers and feed habitually on refuse and dead flesh.

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