There is a great deal of geographical variation in the frequency of many surgical procedur

The author implies which of the following about measles?

A．It is not usually a fatal disease.

B．It ceased to be a problem by the seventeenth century.

C．It is the disease most commonly involved in virgin-soil epidemics.

D．It was not a significant problem in Spanish colonies.

E．It affects only those who are immunologically defenseless against it.

?

A．They mention only epidemics of smallpox.

B．They were instituted in 1492.

C．They were being kept prior to the seventeenth century.

D．They provide quantitative and qualitative evidence about Native American populations.

E．They prove that certain diseases were unknown in the pre-Columbian New World.

lowing ways EXCEPT:

A．Both had works published in the midst of important historical events.

B．Both wrote works that enjoyed widespread popularity.

C．Both exhibited an understanding of the relevance of historical evidence to contemporary issues.

D．The works of both had a significant effect on events following their publication.

E．Both were able to set aside worries about historical anachronism in order to reach and inspire.

it is studied, interpreted, and read. These latter activities have their own history, of course, which may impinge in unexpected ways on public events. It is difficult to predict when "new pasts" will overturn established historical interpretations and change the course of history. In the fall of 1954, for example, C. Vann Woodward delivered a lecture series at the University of Virginia which challenged the prevailing dogma concerning the history, continuity, and uniformity of racial segregation in the South. He argued that the Jim Crow laws of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries not only codified traditional practice but also were a determined effort to erase the considerable progress made by Black people during and after Reconstruction in the 1870s. This revisionist view of Jim Crow legis- lation grew in part from the research that Woodward had done for the NAACP legal campaign during its preparation for Brown v. Board of Education. The Supreme Court had issued its ruling in this epochal desegregation case a few months before Woodward s lectures. The lectures were soon published as a book—The Strange Career of Jim Crow. Ten years later, in a preface to the second revised edition, Woodward confessed with ironic modesty that the first edition "had begun to suffer under some of the handicaps that might be ex- pected in a history of the American Revolution published in 1776." That was a bit like hearing Thomas Paine apologize for the timing of his pamphlet Common Sense, which had a compara- ble impact. Although Common Sense also had a mass readership, Paine had intended to reach and inspire: he was not a historian, and thus not concerned with accuracy or the dangers of histori- cal anachronism. Yet, like Paine, Woodward had an unerring sense of the revolutionary moment, and of how historical evidence could undermine the mythological tradition that was crushing the dreams of new social possibilities. Martin Luther King, Jr. testified to the profound effect of The Strange Career of Jim Crow on the civil rights movement by praising the book and quoting it frequently.

The "new pasts" mentioned in line 8 can best be described as the

A．occurrence of events extremely similar to past events.

B．history of the activities of studying, interpreting, and reading new historical writing.

C．change in people"s understanding of the past due to more recent historical writing.

D．overturning of established historical interpretations by politically motivated politicians.

E．difficulty of predicting when a given historical interpretation will be overturned .

workers?

A．Their productivity levels did not equal those of United States automobile workers until the late seventies.

B．Their high efficiency levels are a direct result of cultural influences.

C．They operate component-specific machinery.

D．They are trained to do more than one job.

E．They produce larger lots of cars than do workers in United States factories.

inferred from the passage?

A．Prior to the 1960"s, the productivity levels of the top Japanese automakers were exceeded by those of United States automakers.

B．The culture of a country has a large effect on the productivity levels of its automakers.

C．During the late 1970"s and early 1980"s, productivity levels were comparable in Japan and the United States.

D．The greater the number of cars that are produced in a single lot, the higher a plant"s productivity level.

E．The amount of capital investment made by automobile manufacturers in their factories determines the level of productivity.

The author sets off the word "Reform"(line 42)with quotation marks in order to

A．emphasize its departure from the concept of settled possessiveness.

B．show his support for a systematic program of change.

C．underscore the flexibility and even amorphousness of United States society.

D．indicate that the term was one of Wilson"s favorites.

E．assert that reform. in the United States has not been fundamental.

empts to construct introductory reading lists for courses in Asian American studies in which of the following ways?

A．By making it difficult for professors to identify primary source material and to obtain standard information on Asian American history and culture.

B．By preventing professors from identifying excellent anthologies and introductory texts in the field that are both recent and understandable to students.

C．By preventing professors from adequately evaluating the quality of the numerous texts currently being published in the field.

D．Such courses were offered only at schools whose libraries were rich in primary sources.

E．By making it more necessary for professors to select readings for their courses that are not too challenging for students unfamiliar with Asian American history and culture.

ty to make a choice when faced with a

A．lack of acceptable alternatives.

B．lack of strict standards for evaluating alternatives.

C．preponderance of bad alternatives as compared to good.

D．multitude of different alternatives.

E．large number of alternatives that are nearly identical in content.

people)was seventeen times greater in 1987 than in 19Because Greenland changed from a hunting and fishing society to an industrial society between 1960 and 1987, the dramatic increase in suicide must be a result of this societal change. Which of the following, if true, casts the most serious doubt on the conclusion drawn above?

A．The change from a hunting and fishing society to an industrial society sometimes causes a dramatic increase in a society"s crime rate.

B．Even in a hunting and fishing society, some proportion of the society"s members will choose to commit suicide.

C．According to official government records, most of those who committed suicide in Greenland in 1987 were male.

D．The life expectancy of Greenland"s inhabitants was not much greater in 1987 than it was in 1960, before the societal change occurred.

E．In 1987 most suicides that occurred in Greenland were reported as suicides to the appropriate government office, whereas in 1960 most were not.