The recent literary representations of the North－East of England have been concerned with

A.speeches

B.comments

C.observations

D.presentations

most closely resemble which of the following hypothetical events in other disciplines？

A．On the basis of data gathered in a carefully controlled laboratory experiment, a chemist predicts and then demonstrates the physical properties of a newly synthesized polymer.

B．On the basis of manipulations of macroeconomic theory, an economist predicts that, contrary to accepted economic theory, inflation and unemployment will both decline under conditions of rapid economic growth.

C．on the basis of a rereading of the texts of Jane Austen' s novels, a literary critic suggests that, contrary to accepted literary interpretations, Austen's plots were actually metaphors for political events in early nineteenth-century England.

D．on the basis of data gathered in carefully planned observations of several species of birds, a biologist proposes a modification in the accepted theory of interspecies competition.

most closely resemble which of the following hypothetical events in other disciplines？

A．On the basis of data gathered in a carefully controlled laboratory experiment, a chemist predicts and then demonstrates the physical properties of a newly synthesized polymer.

B．On the basis of manipulations of macroeconomic theory, an economist predicts that, contrary to accepted economic theory, inflation and unemployment will both decline under conditions of rapid economic growth.

C．On the basis of a rereading of the texts of Jane Austen's novels, a literary critic suggests that, contrary to accepted literary interpretations, Austen's plots were actually metaphors for political events in early nineteenth-century England.

D．On the basis of data gathered in carefully planned observations of several species of birds, a biologist proposes a modification in the accepted theory of interspecies competition.

ys. Many others【C2】______with this opinion. But what is not【C3】______doubt is that a lot of the exciting new literature published in Britain in recent years【C4】______been written by people from outside Britain. Since 1981, nine of the fourteen winners of the Booker Prize, an important prize【C5】______a work of fiction, were writers from【C6】______British colonies like India.

【C7】______many of the best 'serious' British writers manage to be popular as well as pro found, the vast【C8】______of the books could not be classified as 'serious' literature. Britain is the home of【C9】______might be called 'middlebrow' literature.(That is, mid-way between serious and popular fiction)Many British authors write novels【C10】______as 'romances' , one of the middlebrow types. The British publisher which sells more books than any other is Mills & Boon,【C11】______books are exclusively【C12】______this type.

Poetry at the end or the twentieth century is【C13】______popular in Britain after it stopped being the normal【C14】______of literary self-expression 200 years ago. Books for poetry sell【C15】______comparatively large numbers. Their sales are not【C16】______as large as sales of novels, but they are large【C17】______for a few small publishers to【C18】______entirely on publishing poetry. Many of these poems are not academics and they are【C19】______to non-specialists. Perhaps the 'pop' idiom and the easy【C20】______of sound recording have made more people comfortable with spoken verse.

【C1】

A．route

B．road

C．path

D．way

ys. Many others【C2】______with this opinion. But what is not【C3】______doubt is that a lot of the exciting new literature published in Britain in recent years【C4】______been written by people from outside Britain. Since 1981, nine of the fourteen winners of the Booker Prize, an important prize【C5】______a work of fiction, were writers from【C6】______British colonies like India.

【C7】______many of the best 'serious' British writers manage to be popular as well as pro found, the vast【C8】______of the books could not be classified as 'serious' literature. Britain is the home of【C9】______might be called 'middlebrow' literature.(That is, mid-way between serious and popular fiction)Many British authors write novels【C10】______as 'romances' , one of the middlebrow types. The British publisher which sells more books than any other is Mills & Boon,【C11】______books are exclusively【C12】______this type.

Poetry at the end or the twentieth century is【C13】______popular in Britain after it stopped being the normal【C14】______of literary self-expression 200 years ago. Books for poetry sell【C15】______comparatively large numbers. Their sales are not【C16】______as large as sales of novels, but they are large【C17】______for a few small publishers to【C18】______entirely on publishing poetry. Many of these poems are not academics and they are【C19】______to non-specialists. Perhaps the 'pop' idiom and the easy【C20】______of sound recording have made more people comfortable with spoken verse.

【C1】

A．route

B．road

C．path

D．way

olitical criteria to its subject, successfully alters the approach taken by most previous studies. As Rosenblatt notes, criticism of Black writing has often served as a pretext for expounding on Black history. Addison Gayle' s recent work, for example, judges the value of Black fiction by overtly political standards, rating each work according to the notions of Black identity which it introduces.

Although fiction assuredly springs from political circumstances, its authors react to those circumstances in ways other than ideological, and talking about novels and stories primarily as instruments of ideology outwits much of the fictional enterprise. Rosenblatt' s literary analysis discloses affinities and connections among works of Black fiction which solely political studies have overlooked or ignored.

Writing acceptable criticism of Black fiction, however, presupposes giving satisfactory answers to a number of questions. First of all, is there a sufficient reason, other than the racial identity to the authors, to group together works by Black authors？ Second, how does Black fiction make itself distinct from other modem fiction with which it is largely contemporaneous？ Rosenblatt shows that Black fiction constitutes a distinct body of writing that has an identifiable, coherent literary tradition. Looking at novels written by Blacks over the last eighty years, he discovers recurring concerns and designs independent of chronology. These structures are related to the themes, and they spring, not surprisingly, from the central fact that the Black characters in these novels exist in a predominantly White culture, whether they try to conform. to that culture or rebel against it.

Black Fiction does leave some aesthetic questions open. Rosenblatt' s theme-based analysis permits considerable objectivity, he even explicitly states that it is not his intention to judge the merit of the various works, yet his reluctance seems misplaced, especially since an attempt to appraise might have led to interesting results. For instance, some of the novels appear to be structurally diffuse. Is this a defect, or are the authors working out of, or trying to forge, a different kind of aesthetic？ In addition, the style. of some Black novels, like Jean Tommer's Cane, verges on expressionism or surrealism; does this technique provide a counterpoint to the prevalent theme that portrays the fate against which Black heroes are pitted, a theme usually conveyed by more naturalistic modes of expression？

In spite of such omissions, what Rosenblatt does include in his discussion makes for an astute and worthwhile study. Black Fiction surveys a wide variety of novels, bringing to our attention in the process some fascinating and little-known works like James Weldon Johnson' s Autobiography of an Ex-colored Man. Its argument is tightly constructed, and its forthright, lucid style. exemplifies levelheaded and penetrating criticism.

The author objects to criticism of Black fiction like that by Addison Gayle because it ______.

A．emphasizes purely literary aspects of such fiction

B．misinterprets the ideological content of such fiction

C．misunderstands the notions of Black identity contained in such fiction

D．substitutes political for literary criteria in evaluating such fiction

The recent announcement that general practitioners(GPs)may send patients with depression away with the suggestion that they【C1】______a "mood-enhancing" book will have entranced some【C2】______left others bristling. When we set up our bibliotherapy service through The School of Life in 2008, our【C3】______was obvious: to show people that books, and【C4】______novels, not only have the【C5】______to lift spirits, but to【C6】______fundamental psychological shifts, healing and enriching the heart, the intellect and the soul in extraordinary ways. But you could【C7】______that someone with depression would【C8】______to make their way to the library,【C9】______put a spring in their stride, simply by the offer of some mood enhancing reads. One of the things we have found as biblio -therapists is that clients with depression【C10】______a therapeutic book require a very【C11】______prescription. Some may want a book that offers some escape—【C12】______case the odd English humour of Dodie Smiths / Capture the Castle may【C13】______. But others may【C14】______with impatience to anything【C15】______seems too unlike real life. The majority of our clients do not come to us for【C16】______reasons; most come because they love reading, and in this day of publishing overload they want to be sure they use their reading time well. There are few greater pleasures in life than discovering a novel that【C17】______back a world you recognise—and yet takes you into a deeper experience of that world. And research has shown that reading can be highly effective in【C18】______stress. We find Henry James a【C19】______way to order your mind when everything becomes too much— the literary【C20】______of Beethoven or Bach.

【C1】

A．buy

B．comment

C．read

D．write

litical criteria to its subject, successfully alters the approach taken by most previous studies. As Rosenblatt notes, criticism of Black writing has often served as a pretext for illustrating Black history. Addison Gayle's recent work, for instance, judges the value of Black fiction by overtly political standards, rating each work according to the notions of Black identity that it propounds.

Although fiction assuredly springs from political circumstances, its authors react to those circumstances in ways other than ideological, and talking about novels and stories primarily as instruments of ideology avoids cleverly much of the fictional enterprise. Rosenblatt's literary analysis discloses ties and connections among works of Black fiction which solely political studies have overlooked or ignored.

Writing acceptable criticism of Black fiction, however, assumes beforehand giving satisfactory answers to a number of questions. First of all, is there a sufficient reason, other than the racial identity of the authors？ Second, how does Black fiction make itself distinct from other modern fiction with which it is largely contemporaneous？ Rosenblatt shows that Black fiction constitutes a distinct body of writing that has an identifiable, coherent literary tradition. Looking at novels written by blacks over the last eighty years, he discovers recurring concerns and designs independent of the order of time. These structures are thematic, and they spring, not surprisingly, from the central fact that the Black characters in these novels exist in predominantly white culture, whether they try to conform. to that culture or rebel against it.

Black Fiction does leave some aesthetic questions open. Rosenblatt's thematic analyses permits considerable objectivity; he even explicitly states that it is not his intention to judge the merit of the various works yet his reluctance seems to be put in the wrong palce, especially since an attempt to evaluate might have led to interesting results. For instance, some of the novels appear to be structurally diffuse. Is this a defect, or are the authors working out of, or trying to forge, a different kind of aesthetic？ In addition, the style. of some black novels, like Jean Toomer's Cane, verges on expressionism; does this technique provide a counterpoint to the prevalent theme that portrays the late against which black heroes are pitted, a theme usually conveyed by more naturalistic modes of expression？

In spite of such omissions, what Rosenblatt does include in his discussion makes for an clever and worthwhile study. Black Fiction surveys a wide variety of novels, bringing to our attention in the process some fascinating and little-known works like James Weldon Johnson's Autobiography of an Ex-Colored Man. Its argument is tightly constructed, and its straightforward, clear style. shows clear-minded and penetrating criticism.

The author of the passage objects to criticism of Black Fiction like that by Addison Gayle because it ______.

A．emphasizes purely literary aspect of such fiction

B．misinterprets the ideological content of such fiction

C．misunderstands the notions of Black identity contained in such fiction

D．substitutes political for literary criteria in evaluating such fiction

litical criteria to its subject, successfully alters the approach taken by most previous studies. As Rosenblatt notes, criticism of Black writing has often served as a pretext for illustrating Black history. Addison Gayle's recent work, for instance, judges the value of Black fiction by overtly political standards, rating each work according to the notions of Black identity that it propounds.

Although fiction assuredly springs from political circumstances, its authors react to those circumstances in ways other than ideological, and talking about novels and stories primarily as instruments of ideology a voids cleverly much of the fictional enterprise. Rosenblatt's literary analysis discloses ties and connections among works of Black fiction which solely political studies have overlooked or ignored.

Writing acceptable criticism of Black fiction, however, assumes beforehand giving satisfactory answers to a number of questions. First of all, is there a sufficient reason, other than the racial identity of the authors？ Second, how does Black fiction make itself distinct from other modern fiction with which it is largely contemporaneous？ Rosenblatt shows that Black fiction constitutes a distinct body of writing that has an identifiable, coherent literary tradition. Looking at novels written by blacks over the last eighty years, he discovers recurring concerns and designs independent of the order of time. These structures are thematic, and they spring, not surprisingly, tom tile central fact that the Black characters in these novels exist in predominantly white culture, whether they try to conform. to that culture or rebel against it①.

Black Fiction does leave some aesthetic questions open. Rosenblatt's thematic analyses permits considerable objectivity; he even explicitly states that it is not his intention to judge the merit of the various works yet his reluctance seems to be put in the wrong palce, especially since an attempt to evaluate might have led to interesting results②. For instance, some of the novels appear to be structurally diffuse. Is this a defect, or are the authors working out of, or trying to forge, a different kind of aesthetic.'？ In addition, the style. of some black novels, like Jean Toomer's Cane, verges on expressionism; does this technique provide a counterpoint to the prevalent theme that portrays the late against which black heroes are pitted, a theme usually conveyed by more naturalistic modes of expression？

In spite of such omissions, what Rosenblatt does include in his discussion makes for an clever and worthwhile study. Black Fiction surveys a wide variety of novels, bringing to our attention in the process some fascinating and little-known works like James Weldon Johnson's Autobiography of an Ex-Colored Man. Its argument is tightly constructed, and its straightforward, clear style. shows clear-minded and penetrating criticism.

The author of the passage objects to criticism of Black Fiction like that by Addison Gayle because it ______.

A．emphasizes purely literary aspect of such fiction

B．misinterprets the ideological content of such fiction

C．misunderstands the notions of Black identity contained in such fiction

D．substitutes political for literary criteria in evaluating such fiction

The recent announcement that GPs(全科医生)may send patients with depression away with the suggestion that they(1)_____ a "mood-enhancing" book will have entranced some(2)_____ left others bristling. When we set up our bibliotherapy service through The School of life in 2008, our(3)_____ was obvious: to show people that books, and (4)_____ novels, not only have the(5)_____ to lift spirits, but to(6)_____ fundamental psychological shifts, healing and enriching the heart, the intellect and the soul in extraordinary ways. But you could (7)_____ that someone with depression would (8)_____ to make their way to the library, (9)_____ put a spring in their stride, simply by the offer of some mood enhancing reads. One of the things we have found as bibliother-apists is that clients with depression(10)_____ a therapeutic book require a very(11)_____ prescription. Some may want a book that offers some escape—(12)_____ case the odd English humour of Dodie Smiths / Capture the Castle may(13)_____ the trick. But others may(14)_____ with impatience to anything(15)_____ seems too unlike real life. The majority of our clients do not come to us for medical reasons; most come(16)_____ they love reading, and in this day of publishing overload they want to be sure they use their reading time well. There are few greater pleasures in life than discovering a novel that(17)_____ back a world you recognise—and yet takes you into a deeper experience of that world. And research has shown that reading can be highly effective in(18)_____ stress. We find Henry James a(19)_____ way to order your mind when everything becomes too much—the literary(20)_____ of Beethoven or Bach.

(1)

A．would have read

B．can read

C．read

D．to read