The use of new building materials and the introduction of such new technology as the eleva

49

A. Social support cushions stress in a number of ways.B. Social support consists of the exchange of resources among people based on their interpersonal ties.C. Finally, other people may give us instrumental supportD. People can&39;t live without social support.E. and the absence of such support makes poor health more likelyF. Second, other people often provide us with informational support.

al result will be. Late on Friday, 8 November, 1895, Professor Rontgen, a German physicist, was doing an experiment in his laboratory when he noticed something extraordinary. He had covered an electric bulb with black cardboard, and when he switched on the current he saw little dancing lights on his table. (46) ; how then could any ray penetrate? On the table there were some pieces of paper which had been covered with metal salts. (47) . Professor Rontgen took a piece of this paper and held it at a distance from the lamp. Between it and the lamp he placed a variety of objects, a books, a pack of cards, a piece of wood and a door key. The ray penetrated every one of them except the key. He called his wife into the laboratory and asked her to hold her hand between the lamp and a photographic plate. (48) , but she held up her hand for a quarter of an hour, and when the plate was developed there was a picture of the bones of her hand and of the ring on one finger. The mysterious ray could pass through the flesh and not through the bone or the ring.

At a scientific meeting, Professor Rontegen called this new ray "the unknown", the X-ray. (49) , and soon there were X-ray machines in all the big hospitals. The most obvious use for this discovery was to enable doctors to see exactly how a bone was fractured. Other uses came later. It was found that these rays could be used to destroy cancer cells, just as they destroyed the healthy cells of the doctors who first used the machines. (50) , and the lungs could be X-rayed to show if there was any tuberculosis present.

46

A. It was on this paper that the lights were shiningB. She was very surprised by this requestC. Now the bulb was completely coveredD. It was a great inventionE. Methods were found later by which ulcers in the stomach could be locatedF. Doctors quickly saw how this could be used

47

A. It was on this paper that the lights were shiningB. She was very surprised by this requestC. Now the bulb was completely coveredD. It was a great inventionE. Methods were found later by which ulcers in the stomach could be locatedF. Doctors quickly saw how this could be used

48

A. It was on this paper that the lights were shiningB. She was very surprised by this requestC. Now the bulb was completely coveredD. It was a great inventionE. Methods were found later by which ulcers in the stomach could be locatedF. Doctors quickly saw how this could be used

49

A. It was on this paper that the lights were shiningB. She was very surprised by this requestC. Now the bulb was completely coveredD. It was a great inventionE. Methods were found later by which ulcers in the stomach could be locatedF. Doctors quickly saw how this could be used

50

A. It was on this paper that the lights were shiningB. She was very surprised by this requestC. Now the bulb was completely coveredD. It was a great inventionE. Methods were found later by which ulcers in the stomach could be locatedF. Doctors quickly saw how this could be used

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on through mutual cooperation. The key is for one party to offer the other party something that they will perceive as valuable but which does not harm the party conceding it. ______【46】In this way, both sides will win. Unlike traditional negotiations in which the negotiators have an adversarial relationship, in a win-win negotiation, they view each other as collaborators who are working toward a mutual goal. ______【47】

One case study of a win-win negotiation is often cited as an example. Tony had an idea for a computer game but was unable to develop it because of constraints on his time and limitations in funding. In the negotiations with a large company to produce the game, Tony and the company made several offers and counteroffers(买方提出还价) in order to arrive at a mutually beneficial agreement. ______【48】He agreed to accept their offer if they would concede an additional share of the future revenues. ______【49】Because they continued to negotiate toward a win-win situation , both parties were able to decrease their risk and increase their revenues, sharing in the success of the game. ______【50】In short, both parties won.

A. Although Tony could have become angry about the original offer of $ 12, 000, he made a counteroffer.

B. Effective negotiation helps you to resolve situations where what you want conflicts with what someone else wants.

C. After the terms have been agreed upon, it is much more likely that the relationship will continue to develop with a view to cooperating with each other to insure the continuing success of both parties.

D. The company was very pleased with their return on investment, and Tony was able to launch his own game design company.

E. This, in turn, provides an incentive for the other side to make a similar offer.

F. When the company reviewed his counteroffer, they conceded that he should receive a share and offered slightly less than Tony had proposed.

(46)

Table Manners and Customs

In Great Britain today good manners at table include eating with the mouth closed; not letting any of the food fall off the plate; using the knife only for cutting; and not trying to take food across the table.______【46】. Indeed, what are considered good table manners in some other countries are what British people try hardest to avoid. ______【47】.

______【48】. Tables and chairs have raplaced the cushions of the past, and the lady of the house presides at one end of the table in the same way that Western women do. Many Japanese, however still feel it would be wrong to eat unless they were sitting on a cushion before a low table with a tray of food on it. In many parts of the world both traditional and Western styles of eating exist side by side.

______【49】. In North America it is polite to cut up meat and then put the knife down, take the fork in the right hand and eat with it. Most European people, like the British, keep the fork in the left hand and the knife in the right all the time when they are eating food that has to be cut. In the British Isles and Scandinavia (Norway, Sweden, Denmark and Iceland) special knives and forks are used for eating fish. ______【50】.

A. In France, Belgium and Italy, however, it is correct to keep the same knife for every course , wiping it on a piece of bread.

B. In other parts of the world there are also rules for people to follow when they are eating, but they are not the same as those of Britain.

C. The richer and more educated people in the East have, however, to a great extent taken up

the table manners and customs of Western people.

D. In Arabia, for instance, the people at a feast take pieces of food with their fingers and belch loudly to show that they have appreciated it.

E. Table manners and customs have changed a lot with the time.

F. In the West there are differences between table manners in various countries, although they are not so marked.

(46)

Why Do People Shrink?

Did you ever see the movie Honey, I shrunk the kids? It&39;s about a wacky(古怪的)dad (who&39;s also a scientist) who accidentally(偶然的) shrink&39;s his kids with his homemade miniaturizing (使小型化) invention. Oops! The kids spend the rest of the movie as tiny people who are barely visible while trying to get back to their normal size.

(46) It takes place over years and may add up to only one inch or so off of their adult height (maybe a little more, maybe less), and this kind of shrinking can*t be magically reversed, although there are things that can be done to stop it or slow it down. But why does shrinking happen at all?

(47) As people get older, they generally lose some muscle and fat from their bodies as part of the natural aging process. Gravity (the force that keeps your feet on the ground) take hold, and the bones in the spine, called vertebrae(椎骨), may break down or degenerate, and start to collapse into one another. (48) . But perhaps the most common reason why some older people shrink is because of osteoporosis (骨质疏松症).

Osteoporosis occurs when too much spongy(海绵) bone tissue (which is found inside of most bones) is broken down and not enough new bone material is made. (49) . Bones become smaller and weaker and can easily break if someone with osteoporosis is injured. Older people—especially women, who generally have smaller and lighter bones to begin with—are more likely to develop osteoporosis. As years go by, a person with osteoporosis shrinks a little bit.

Did you know that every day you do a shrinking act? You aren&39;t as tall at the end of the day as you are at the beginning. (50) . Don&39;t worry, though. Once you get a good night&39;s rest, your body recovers, and the next morning, you&39;re standing tall again.

46

A. They end up pressing closer together, which makes a person lose a little height and become shorter.B. That&39;s because as the day goes on, water in the disks of the spine gets compressed (squeezed) due to gravity, making you just a tiny bit shorter.C. Over time, bone is said to be lost because it&39;s not being replaced.D. Luckily, there are things that people can do to prevent shrinking.E. For older people, shrinking isn&39;t that dramatic or sudden at all.F. There are a few reasons.

47

A. They end up pressing closer together, which makes a person lose a little height and become shorter.B. That&39;s because as the day goes on, water in the disks of the spine gets compressed (squeezed) due to gravity, making you just a tiny bit shorter.C. Over time, bone is said to be lost because it&39;s not being replaced.D. Luckily, there are things that people can do to prevent shrinking.E. For older people, shrinking isn&39;t that dramatic or sudden at all.F. There are a few reasons.

48

A. They end up pressing closer together, which makes a person lose a little height and become shorter.B. That&39;s because as the day goes on, water in the disks of the spine gets compressed (squeezed) due to gravity, making you just a tiny bit shorter.C. Over time, bone is said to be lost because it&39;s not being replaced.D. Luckily, there are things that people can do to prevent shrinking.E. For older people, shrinking isn&39;t that dramatic or sudden at all.F. There are a few reasons.

49

A. They end up pressing closer together, which makes a person lose a little height and become shorter.B. That&39;s because as the day goes on, water in the disks of the spine gets compressed (squeezed) due to gravity, making you just a tiny bit shorter.C. Over time, bone is said to be lost because it&39;s not being replaced.D. Luckily, there are things that people can do to prevent shrinking.E. For older people, shrinking isn&39;t that dramatic or sudden at all.F. There are a few reasons.

50

A. They end up pressing closer together, which makes a person lose a little height and become shorter.B. That&39;s because as the day goes on, water in the disks of the spine gets compressed (squeezed) due to gravity, making you just a tiny bit shorter.C. Over time, bone is said to be lost because it&39;s not being replaced.D. Luckily, there are things that people can do to prevent shrinking.E. For older people, shrinking isn&39;t that dramatic or sudden at all.F. There are a few reasons.

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ay______.

??Old Man Myths and Realities??

?? l. Whendoes a middle-aged man become an old man? Officially,of course,it&39;s when wereach retirement age. But,as we all know, this is a fairly blun??????t(生硬的)method of decisionmaking. As life expectancy(预期寿命)increases,retirement planning needs to be changed. This is becausebeing an old man today is very different from what it was a generation or soago.??????

?? 2.Sixty-five is the new middle-aged man. These days people are talking about theyoung-old,that is ages 70-75,and those over 75 as the old-old. The young-oldfrequently continue in good health and maintain strong links with friends andfamily. The old-old have a much higher chance of poor health and socialisolation.??

?? 3.Although men are living longer, there are still more old women than old men.This fact alone should arouse interest as to why. Relatively little.is actuallyknown about why this is the case or about the experiences of the old man. Sure,we are aware that the old man experiences anxiety, financialproblems,loneliness,etc, but that&39;s really about all we know.??

?? 4. Itis usually believed that the old man often complains about their health. Infact, most old man think their health is good even though most are diagnosedwith at least one chronic illness. The physi- cal health of the old man isstrongly affected by their health behavior. when they were younger.

??Paragraph 1_____??????

??Paragraph 2______

??

??Paragraph 3______??

??Paragraph 4______??

??Nowadays men generally live longer than______??

??A man in his mid-60s is now regarded as________??

??More research should be done on the experiences of________??

??Most old men consider themselves to be___________??

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Development in Newspaper Organization

?? One ofthe most important developments in newspaper organization during the first partof the twentieth century ________________ (46) ,which are known as wire services. Wire-servicecompanies employed reporters, whocovered stories all over the world. Their news reports were sent to papersthroughout the country by telegraph. The papers paid an annual fee for thisservice. Wire services continue (47). Today the major wire services are theAssociated Press (AP) and United Press Interna-tional (PUI). You willfrequently find AP or UPI at the beginning of a news story.??

?? Newspaperchains and mergers began to appear in the early 1900s. A chain consists of twoor more newspapers___________ (48). A merger involves combining two or morepapers into one. During the nine- teenth century many cities had more than onecompetitive independent paper. Today in most cities there are only one or twonewspapers, and __________________(49). Often newspapers in several citiesbelong to one chain. Papers have combined _____________ (50). Chains and mergers have cut down production costs and brought the advantagesof big-business methods to the newspaper industry.??

46

??A. toplay an important role in newspaper operations

??B. wasthe growth of telegraph services??

????C. and they usually enjoy great prestige??

??D. theyare usually operated by a single owner??

??E. inorder to survive under the pressure of rising costs

??F. ownedby a single person or organization????????

47

A. toplay an important role in newspaper operations

B. wasthe growth of telegraph services

C. and they usually enjoy great prestige

D. theyare usually operated by a single owner

E. inorder to survive under the pressure of rising costs

F. ownedby a single person or organization

48

A. toplay an important role in newspaper operations

B. wasthe growth of telegraph services

C. and they usually enjoy great prestige

D. theyare usually operated by a single owner

E. inorder to survive under the pressure of rising costs

F. ownedby a single person or organization

49

A. toplay an important role in newspaper operations

B. wasthe growth of telegraph services

C. and they usually enjoy great prestige

D. theyare usually operated by a single owner

E. inorder to survive under the pressure of rising costs

F. ownedby a single person or organization

50

A. toplay an important role in newspaper operations

B. wasthe growth of telegraph services

C. and they usually enjoy great prestige

D. theyare usually operated by a single owner

E. inorder to survive under the pressure of rising costs

F. ownedby a single person or organization

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