The next day, when their mended carriage had come up to fetch them, and they were just s

论古典文学的翻译

可以肯定，对于高贵语言著成的作品来说，直译是不恰当的：但认为粗略的解释可以弥补这一普遍的过失更是大错特错;滥用现代的表达方式，也会使古代作品的精神丧失殆尽。如果说在古典作品中不时有黑暗愚昧之处，其中也常有光明智慧的地方。而这些光明与智慧在近乎直译的译文中能更好地留存。我认为，文字的自由取决于是否是传达原作精神所必需，是否有助于译作诗风的保存。我敢说，过去虽有不少亦步亦趋、机械地追求字面对应的迷途译者，但狂妄地抱有改进原作的不实理想的译者也不在少数。毋庸置疑，诗的火焰是每个翻译者都理应重视的，因为它在翻译过程中更加容易消失：然而，最安全的做法就是满足于从整体篇章上尽力保留这种特质，不要试图在任何细节上超越作者。写作的奥秘在于知道何时平淡，何时绮丽;如果我们肯虚心追随荷马的脚步，一定能从他身上学到这一点。他用词豪放恢宏之处，我们也要努力挥毫泼墨;他用词平淡朴素之处，我们也不能因怕受到几个评论家的责难便不加以模仿。对于荷马来说，其最遭人误解之处莫过适当的风格高度：有些译者一味盲信其无处不崇高，而致使译文浮夸失真;另外的一些译者沉迷于其简朴，因而过于拘谨呆板。我看到荷马的追随着不尽相同：有些人奋步急追，汗流浃背(这是愚勇的表现)，另外一些人缓慢、卑恭地追随其后，而诗人自己却庄严从容地继续前行。然而，在两个极端当中，狂热比冷淡更加容易得到宽容;没有人会嫉妒由冷淡的风格而博得赞赏的作家，其友人一定称之为简朴，而他人则称之为枯燥。优雅庄严的简朴是存在的，同样也有突兀暗淡的简朴;两者的区别犹如朴素人与邋遢者面貌的不同：着装打扮与衣着不整完全是两码事。简朴乃是介于虚饰与粗鄙之间的一种品性。

is no longer unusual for a person to own more than one such device. What, according to you, is the most important effect these devices have had on people? Write an essay of about 400 words on the following topic:

MOBILE FERVOUR

In the first part of your essay you should state clearly your main argument, and in the second part you should support your argument with appropriate details. In the last part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or make a summary.

Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.

Write your essay on ANSWER SHEET FOUR.

assion, and in devouring their contents I neglected the regular exercises of the schools. How wistfully would I wander about the pier-heads in fine weather, and watch the parting ships bound to distant climes—with what longing eyes would I gaze after their lessening sails, and waft myself in imagination to the ends of the earth !

Further reading and thinking, though they brought this vague inclination into more reasonable bounds, only served to make it more decided. I visited various parts of my own country; and had I been merely a lover of fine scenery, I should have felt litter desire to seek elsewhere its gratification, for on no country have the charms of nature been more prodigally lavished. Her mighty lakes like oceans of liquid silver; her mountains with their bright aerial tints; her valleys, teeming with wild fertility; her tremendous cataracts (大瀑布), thundering in their solitudes; her boundless plains, waving with spontaneous verdure; her broad deep rivers, roiling in solemn silence to the ocean; her trackless forests, where vegetation puts forth all its magnificence; her skies, kindling with the magic of summer clouds and glorious sunshine—no, never need an American look beyond his own country for the sublime and beautiful of natural scenery.

城市是一粒粒精致的银扣，缀在旷野的黑绿色大氅上，不分昼夜地熠熠闪光。

我所说的旷野，泛指崇山峻岭，河流海洋，湖泊森林，戈壁荒漠……一切人烟罕至保存原始风貌的地方。

旷野和城市，从根本上讲，是对立的。

人们多以为和城市相对应的那个词，是乡村。其实乡村不过是城市发育的低级阶段。再简陋的乡村，也是城市的一脉兄长。

惟有旷野与城市永无声息地对峙着。城市侵袭了旷野昔日的领地，驱散了旷野原有的驻民，破坏了旷野古老的风景，越来越多地以井然有序的繁华，取代我行我素的自然风光。

城市是人类所有伟大发明的需求地，展览厅，比赛场，评判台。如果有一双慧眼从宇宙观看夜晚的地球，他一定被城市不灭的光芒所震撼。旷野是舒缓的，城市是激烈的。旷野是宁静的，城市喧嚣不已。旷野对万物具有强大的包容性，城市几乎是人的一统天下……

y send their kids to various training programs, believing that such a move is significant for the promising prospect of their children. But other parents are convinced that pre-school should spend their time enjoying themselves. Write a composition of about 400 words to state your view.

In the first part of your essay you should state clearly your main argument, and in the second part you should support your argument with appropriate details. In the last part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or make a summary.

You should supply an appropriate title for your essay.

Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.

t once was and that people can learn as much by watching television as they can by reading books. Do you agree or disagree with this statement? Write an essay of about 400 words.

In the first part of your essay you should state clearly your main argument, and in the second part you should support your argument with appropriate details. In the last part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or make a summary.

You should supply an appropriate title for your essay.

Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.

lay games with human and defeat the latter. Such being the case, many are worried that robots will surpass human beings in intelligence and enslave them, while others believe that the human mind will always be superior to machines because machines are only tools of human minds. What is your opinion? Write an essay of about 400 words.

In the first part of your essay you should state clearly your main argument, and in the second part you should support your argument with appropriate details. In the last part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or make a summary.

You should supply an appropriate title for your essay.

Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.

保机动车。

日野汽车的发言人称，丰田汽车及日野分公司将参与一款新型路轨两用车的研发项目，这款车最初是由日本北海道旅客铁道公司研制出来的。

这两家汽车公司主要提供技术和材料，加强“两用车”的车体前部构造，使其最多能够容纳25人。

北海道旅客铁道公司已经研发出路轨两用车的几款样车，并投入试运行。

北海道旅客铁道公司一直在日本北部岛屿北海道经营铁路运营业务，由于这一地区的铁路因客流量急剧下降而停运，北海道公司采取各种措施利用铁路，研发路轨两用车便是其中之一。

这款柴油驱动的两用车共有八个轮子，分别是四个在铁轨上运行的铁轮胎和四个在陆地上运行的橡胶轮胎。据说这款车的耗油量仅为传统柴油车的四分之一。

日野公司的发言人表示：“我们将为进一步推进两用车的实际应用做出贡献。”

这款车预计于六月中旬出厂，并将于7月份在北海道召开的八国集团峰会欢迎仪式上亮相。今年八国峰会的主要议题是气候变化。

哄带骗将一净高1.74米女孩拐回家做起了太太，这一壮举颇为“残废人”们扬了一段眉吐了半口气。

将太太置回家中后我才意识到自己的悲哀，这一愤世之举不仅未了我“终生残废”而又平添我“终生遗憾”，我从未享受过将男人坚定有力的胳膊窝勾着太太姣美柔滑的后脖子上街遛弯的幸福。

dvanced technology, the academic honesty contract has been introduced in numerous campuses before examinations. It is assumed that such contracts may help discourage cheating. Do you believe that such a policy will work wonder? Write a composition of about 400 words to state your view.

In the first part of your essay you should state clearly your main argument, and in the second part you should support your argument with appropriate details. In the last part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or make a summary.

You should supply an appropriate title for your essay.

Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.