第1题
A.To prefer adults to students as judges.
B.To ask students who have received psychological training to judge.
C.To ask women rather than men to judge.
D.To ask psychologists to judge.
第2题
May I ask what the standard of your securities’ payment is?
A.Each gets paid twenty Yuan per hour
B.Each gets paid twelve Yuan per hour
C.Thirty Yuan for each fellow per hour
D.Fifteen Yuan for each security guard per hour
第3题
Task 2
Directions: This task is the same as Task 1. The 5 questions or unfinished statements are numbered 41 through 45.
Ask three people to look out the same window at a busy street comer and tell you what they see. Chances are you will receive three different answers. Each person sees the same scene, but each perceives something different about it. Perceiving goes on in our minds. Of the three people who look out the window, one may say that he sees a policeman giving a cyclist a ticket. Another may say that he sees a rush-hour traffic jam at the intersection. The third may tell you that he sees a woman trying to cross the street with four children in tow. For perception is the mind's interpretation of what the senses—in this case our eyes—tell us.
Many psychologists today are working to try to determine just how a person experiences or perceives the world around him. Using a scientific approach, these psychologists set up experiments in which they can control all of the factors. By measuring and charting the results of many experiments, they are trying to find out what makes different people perceive totally different things about the same scene.
According to the passage, when three people look out the same window, ______.
A.they will give three different answers
B.they will see three different scenes
C.they cannot see clearly
D.they can only see the busy traffic
第4题
Perceiving goes on in our minds. Of the three people who look out the window, one may say that he sees a policeman giving a motorist a ticket. Another may say that he sees a rush-hour traffic jam at the intersection. The third may say that he sees a woman trying to cross the street with four children in tow. For perception is the mind’s interpretation of what the senses — in this case our eyes — tell us.
Many psychologists today are working to try to determine just how a person experiences or perceives the world around him. Using a scientific approach, these psychologists set up experiments in which they can control all of the factors. By measuring and charting the results of many experiments, they are trying to find out what makes different people perceive totally different things about the same scene.
1.What does the passage mainly tell us________
A、Perceiving has nothing to do with seeing.
B、Perceiving differs from seeing.
C、Seeing is closely connected to perceiving.
D、Seeing has much to do with perceiving.
2.The phrase “with four children in tow” in the second paragraph is closest in meaning to “________”.
A、with four children following closely behind her
B、with four children tied to each other with a rope
C、with four children dragging a rope held by her
D、with four children dragged in a small cart
3.According to the passage, perceiving is an action________ .
A、that tells us information through our eyes
B、that gives us senses in the mind
C、that explains what our senses tell us
D、that makes our mind different
4.The psychologists are trying to draw their conclusion ________.
A、by asking different people to tell how they perceive the same scene
B、by using a scientific approach in setting up their experiments
C、by determining how a person experiences the world around him
D、by measuring and charting the results of many experiments
5.Which of the following statements is NOT true________
A、Different people may perceive the same scene in a different way.
B、That a policeman gives a motorist a ticket means the motorist is fined.
C、No people share the same perception when they are asked to see the same scene.
D、The psychologists can control all of the factors in their experiments.
第5题
It was (and is) common to think that other animals are ruled by "instinct" whereas humans lost their instincts and ruled by "reason," and that this is why we are so much more flexibly intelligent than other animals. William James, in his book Principles of Psychology, took the opposite view. He argued that human behavior. is more flexibly intelligent than that of other animals because we have more instincts than they do, not fewer. We tend to be Mind to the existence of these instincts, however, precisely because they work so well--because they process information so effortlessly and automatically. They structure our thought so powerfully, he argued, that it can be difficult to imagine how things could be otherwise. As a result, we take "normal" behavior. for granted. We do not realize that "normal" behavior. needs to be explained at all. This "instinct blindness" makes the study of psychology difficult. To get past this problem, James suggested that we try to make the "natural seem strange." It takes a mind debauched by learning to carry the process of making the natural seem strange, so far as to ask for the why of any instinctive human act.
In our view, William James was right about evolutionary psychology. Making the natural seem strange is unnatural - it requires the twisted outlook seen, for example, in Gary Larson cartoons Yet it is a central part of the enterprise. Many psychologists avoid the study of natural competences, thinking that there is nothing there to be explained. As a result, social psychologists are disappointed unless they find a phenomenon "that would surprise their grandmothers," and cognitive psychologists spend more time studying how we solve problems we are bad at, like learning math or playing chess, than ones we are good at. But our natural competences - our abilities to see, to speak, to find someone beautiful, to reciprocate a favor, to fear disease, to fall in love, to initiate an attack, to experience moral outrage, to navigate a landscape, and myriad others - are possible only because there is a vast and heterogeneous array of complex computational machinery supporting and regulating these activities. This machinery works so well that we don't even realize that it exists - we all suffer from instinct' blindness. As a result, psychologists have neglected to study some of the most interesting machinery in the human mind.
William James believed that man is more flexibly intelligent than other animals because man is more ______.
A.adaptive
B.reasonable
C.instinctive
D.sophisticated
第6题
听力原文: Are you afraid to raise your hand in class, even when you definitely know the answer? If you are, most people would say that you're of a shy character. If you feel slay, you're not alone. Nine out of ten people are at least a little shy. (29) But however shy you are, scientific evidence seems to show that it isn't your fault, You may have been born that way. To some degree, everybody is shy.
(30) How do psychologists measure shyness? One of their ways is by observation. They keep detailed records of people's actions—like how often these people speak to others or how long it takes someone to say hello to a stranger. Another way to measure shyness is to ask people questions. The test only takes about 10 minutes. It asks questions like "Do you like going out a lot?", "Do you feel at ease in a strange environment?" and "Do you have many friends?" People must answer either yes or no. (31) The questions are used to predict how people actually behave in real social situations. Suppose the test tells you that someone is shy, chances are good that that person will act shy. When scientists measure shyness, they're really comparing degrees of shyness. In other words,when researchers say people are shy, they really mean they are shyer than others.
29. Why does the speaker say that it isn't a fault to be shy?
30.What is one of the ways suggested by psychologists for measuring shyness?
31.What is the purpose of the psychologists in asking questions?
(4)
A.Because many people don't like social situations.
B.Because most people may be shy by nature.
C.Because nobody will laugh at you for being shy.
D.Because shyness is difficult to overcome.
第7题
Perceiving goes on in our minds. Of the three people who look out the window, one may say that he sees a policeman giving a motorist a ticket. Another may say that he sees a rush hour traffic jam at the intersection. The third may tell you that he sees a woman trying to cross the street with four children in tow. For perception is the mind’s interpretation of what the senses in this case our eyes tell us.
Many psychologists (心理学家) today are working to try to determine just how a person experiences or perceives the world around him. Using a scientific approach, these psychologists set up experiments in which they can control all of the factors. By measuring and charting the results of many experiments, they are trying to find out what makes different people perceive totally different things about the same scene.
(1)Which of the following is TRUE?
A、We have chances to receive three different answers from three people.
B、It is likely that we will receive three different answers from three people.
C、It is proved that we will receive three different answers from three people.
D、It is impossible that we will receive three different answers from three people.
(2)Seeing and perceiving are ________.
A、the same action
B、two separate actions
C、two actions carried on entirely by the eyes
D、several actions that take place at different times
(3)Perceiving is an action that takes place ________.
A、in our eyes
B、only when we are thinking hard
C、only under the direction of a psychologist
D、in every person's mind
(4)Psychologists study perception by _______.
A、setting up many experiments
B、asking each other what they see
C、looking out of windows
D、studying people's eyes
(5)The best title for this selection is _______.
A、How We See
B、Learning about Our Minds through Science
C、Color and People
D、How to Become a Psychologist
第8题
Perceiving goes on in our minds.Of the three people who look out the window, one may say that he sees a policeman giving a motorist a ticket.Another may say that he sees a rush-hour traffic jam at the crossing.The third may tell you that he sees a woman trying to cross the street with four children.For perception is the mind's explanation of what the senses - in this case our eyes - tell us.
Many psychologists today are working to try to decide just how a person experiences or perceives the world around him.Using a scientific method, these psychologists set up experiments in which they can control all of the factors.By measuring and charting the results of many experiments, they are trying to find out what makes different people perceive totally different things about the same scene.
31.Seeing and perceiving are().
A.the same action
B.two separate actions
C.two actions carried on entirely by the eyes
D.several actions that take place at different time
32.Perceiving is an action that takes place().
A.in our eycs
B.only when we think very hard about something
C.only under the direction of a psychologist
D.in every person's mind
33.People perceive different things about the same scene because().
A.they come from different countries
B.they can't agree about things
C.some have better eyesight
D.not clearly mentioned in the passage
34.Psychologists study perception by().
A.setting up many experiments
B.asking each other what they see
C.looking out of the window themselves
D.studying the differences in people's eyes
35.The best title for this passage is().
A.How We See
B.Learning About Our Minds Through Science
C.What Psychologists Perceive
D.How to Become an Experimental Psychologist
第9题
It was (and is) common to think that other animals are ruled by "instinct" whereas humans lost their instincts and ruled by "reason," and that this is why we are so much more flexibly intelligent than other animals. William James, in his book Principles of psychology, took the opposite view. He argued that human behavior. is more flexibly intelligent than that of other animals because we have more instincts than they do, not fewer. We tend to be blind to the existence of these instincts, however, precisely because they work so well—because they process information so effortlessly and automatically. They structure our thought so powerfully, he argued, that it can be difficult to imagine how things could be otherwise. As a result, we take "normal" behavior. for granted. We do not realize that "normal" behavior. needs to be explained at all. This "instinct blindness" makes the study of psychology difficult. To get past this problem, James suggested that we try to make the "natural seem strange." "It takes a mind debauched by learning to carry the process of making the natural seem strange, so far as to ask for the why of any instinctive human act."
In our view, William James was right about evolutionary psychology. Making the natural seem strange is unnatural—it requires the twisted outlook seen, for example, in Gary Larson cartoons. Yet it is a central part of the enterprise. Many psychologists avoid the study of natural competences, thinking that there is nothing there to be explained. As a result, social psychologists are disappointed unless they find a phenomenon "that would surprise their grandmothers," and cognitive psychologists spend more time studying how we solve problem we are bad at, like learning math or playing chess, than ones we are good at. But natural competences—our abilities to see, to speak, to find someone beautiful, to reciprocate a favor, to fear disease, to fall in love, to initiate an attack, to experience moral outrage, to navigate a landscape, and myriad others——are possible only because there is a vast and heterogeneous array of complex computational machinery supporting and regulating these activities. This machinery works so well that we don't even realize that it exists——we all suffer from instinct blindness. As a result, psychologists have neglected to study some of the most interesting machinery in the human mind.
William James believed that man is more flexibly intelligent than other animals because man is more ______.
A.adaptive
B.reasonable
C.instinctive
D.sophisticated
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