以节约能源为题Save Energy

Part B (10 points)

You are going to read a text about choice, followed by a list of examples. Choose the best example from the list A—F for each numbered subheading (41—45). There is one extra example which you do not need to use.

I strongly agree with the contention that absence of choice is a rare circumstance, primarily because this contention accords with common sense and our everyday experience as human beings. Besides, the reverse claim-that we do not have free choice-serves to undermine the notions of moral accountability and human equality, which are critical to the survival of any democratic society.

(41) The role of free will of humans in choice

Common sense dictates that humans have free will, and therefore the true absence of choice is very rare. The only possible exceptions would involve extreme and rare circumstances such as solitary imprisonment or a severe mental or physical deficiency—any of which might potentially strip a person of his or her ability to make conscious choices. Yet, even under these circumstances, a person still retains choices about voluntary bodily functions and movement. Thus, the complete absence of choice would seem to be possible only in a comatose state or in death.

(42) The nature of absence of choice

People often claim that life's circumstances leave them with "no choice". One might feel trapped in a job or a marriage. Under financial duress a person might claim that he or she has "no choice" but to declare bankruptcy, take a demeaning job, or even lie or steal to obtain money. The fundamental problem with these sorts of claims is that the claimants are only considering those choices that are not viable or attractive. That is, people in situations such as these have an infinite number of choices; it's just that many of the choices are unappealing, even self-defeating.

(43) Choice is beyond our control

Besides, the contention that we are almost invariably free to choose is far more appealing from a sociopolitical standpoint than the opposite claim. A complete tack of choice implies that every person's fate is determined, and that we all lack free will. According to the philosophical school of "strict determinism", every event, including human actions and Choices, that occurs is physically necessary given the laws of nature and events that preceded that event or choice. In other words, the "choices" that seem part of the essence of our being are actually beyond our control.

(44) The logical result of strict determinism and of the new "scientific determinism"

However, the logical result of strict determinism and of the new "scientific determinism" is that we are not morally accountable for our actions and choices, even those that harm other individuals or society. Moreover, throughout history monarchs and dictators have embraced determinism, at least ostensibly, to bolster their claim that certain individuals are preordained to assume positions of authority or to rise to the top levels of the socioeconomic infrastructure. Finally, the notion of scientific determinism opens the door for genetic engineering, which poses a potential threat to equality in socioeconomic opportunity, and could lead to the development of a so-called "master race". Admittedly, these disturbing implications neither prove nor disprove the determinists' claims.

(45) Insistence of tree will

I would concede that science might eventually disprove the very notion of free will. However, until that time I'll trust my strong intuition that free will is an essential part of our being as humans and, accordingly, that humans are responsible for their own choices and actions.

A. For example, almost every person who claims to be trapped in a job is simply choosing to retain a certain measure of financial security. The choice t

has been the talk of the classical-music world ever since the sudden announcement of his appointment in 2009. For the most part, the response has been favorable, to say the least. "Hooray! At last'" wrote Anthony Tommasini, a sober-sided classical-music critic.

One of the reasons why the appointment came as such a surprise, however, is that Gilbert is comparatively little known. Even Tommasini, who had advocated Gilbert's appointment in the Times, calls him "an unpretentious musician with no air of the formidable conductor about him. " As a description of the next music director of an orchestra that has hitherto been led by musicians like Gustav Mahler and Pierre Boulez, that seems likely to have struck at least some Times readers as faint praise.

For my part, I have no idea whether Gilbert is a great conductor or even a good one. To be sure, he performs an impressive variety of interesting compositions, but it is not necessary for me to visit Avery Fisher Hall, or anywhere else, to hear interesting orchestral music. All I have to do is to go to my CD shelf, or boot up my computer and download still more recorded music from iTunes.

Devoted concertgoers who reply that recordings are no substitute for live performance are missing the point. For the time, attention, and money of the art-loving public, classical instrumentalists must compete not only with opera houses, dance troupes, theater companies, and museums, but also with the recorded performances of the great classical musicians of the 20' century. There recordings are cheap, a-vailable everywhere, and very often much higher in artistic quality than today's live performances; moreover , they can be " consumed" at a time and place of the listener's choosing. The widespread availability of such recordings has thus brought about a crisis in the institution of the traditional classical concert.

One possible response is for classical performers to program attractive new music that is not yet available on record. Gilbert's own interest in new music has been widely noted; Alex Ross, a classical-music critic, has described him as a man who is capable of turning the Philharmonic into " a markedly different, more vibrant organization. " But what will be the nature of that difference? Merely expanding the orchestra's repertoire will not be enough. If Gilbert and the Philharmonic are to succeed, they must first change the relationship between America's oldest orchestra and the new audience it hopes to attract.

Part B (10 points)

You are going to read a list of headings and a text about maples. Choose the most suitable heading from the list for each numbered paragraph. The first and last paragraphs of the text are not numbered. There is one extra heading which you do not need to use.

A. The influence of maples on the Canadian culture.

B. The token of maples in Canada.

C. Contemplation of global distribution of maples.

D. The triumph of Nokomis over the devils with the help of maples.

E. The popularity of the maple in a favorite myth.

F. The maple signals the approach of fall.

The maple smoke of autumn bonfires is incense to Canadians. Bestowing perfume for the nose, color for the eye, sweetness for the spring tongue, the sugar maple prompts this sharing of a favorite myth and original etymology of the word maple.

(41)______.

The maple looms large in Ojibwa folk tales. The time of year for sugaring-off is "in the Maple Moon." Among Ojibwa, the primordial female figure is Nokomis, a wise grandmother. In one tale about seasonal change, cannibal wendigos—creatures of evil—chased old Nokomis through the autumn countryside. Wendigos throve in icy cold. When they entered the bodies of humans, the human heart froze solid. Here wendigos represent oncoming winter. They were hunting to kill and eat poor Nokomis, the warm embodiment of female fecundity who, like the summer, has grown old.

(42)______.

Knowing this was a pursuit to the death, Nokomis outsmarted the cold devils. She hid in a stand of maple trees, all red and orange and deep yellow. This maple grove grew beside a waterfall whose mist blurred the trees' outline. As they peered through the mist, slavering wendigos thought they saw a raging fire in which their prey was burning. But it was only old Nokomis being hidden by the bright red leaves of her friends, the maples. And so, drooling ice and huffing frost, the wendigos left her and sought easier preys. For their service in saving the earth mother's life, these maples were given a special gift: their water of life would be forever sweet, and Canadians would tap it for nourishment.

(43)______.

Maple and its syrup row sweetly into Canadian humor. Quebeckers have the standard sirop durable for maple syrup, but add a feisty insult to label imitation syrups that are thick with glucose glop. They call this sugary imposter sirop de Poteau "telephone-pole syrup" or dead tree syrup.

(44)______.

The contention that maple syrup is unique to North America is suspect, I believe, China has close to 10 species of maple, more than any country in the world. Canada has 10 native species. North America does happen to be home to the sugar maple, the species that produces the sweetest sap and the most abundant flow. But are we to believe that in thousands of years of Chinese history, these inventive people never tapped a maple to taste its sap? I speculate that they did. Could Proto-Americas who crossed the Bering land bridge to populate the Americas have brought with them a knowledge of maple syrup? Is there a very old Chinese phrase for maple syrup? Is maple syrup mentioned in Chinese literature? For a non-reader of Chinese, such questions are daunting but not impossible to answer.

(45)______.

What is certain is the maple's holdfast on our national imagination. Its leaf was adopted as an emblem in New France as early as 1700, and in English Canada by the mid-19th century. In the fall of 1867, a Toronto schoolteacher named Alexander Muir was traipsing a street at the city, all squelchy underfoot from the soft felt of falling leaves, when a maple leaf alighted to his coat sleeve and stuck there. At home that evening, he wrote a poem and set it to music, in celebration of Canada's Confederation. Muir's song, "The Maple Leaf Forever," was wi

Part B (10 points)

You are going to read a list of headings and a text about plagiarism in the academic community. Choose the most suitable heading from the list for each numbered paragraph. The first and last paragraphs of the text are not numbered. There is one extra heading which you do not need to use.

America's liberal and conservative elites disagree about everything under the sun. from the role of God in the constitution to John Bolton's table manners. Yet on one issue they are as one: the country is going to hell in a hand-basket.

(41)______.

For liberals, Americans are suffering from epidemics of "traumas" and "syndromes". The left has always worried about the effects of rapacious capitalism on the American psyche. Listen to Mary Pipher, a bestselling clinical psychologist, on girls: "Just as planes and ships disappear mysteriously into the Bermuda Triangle, so do the selves of girls go down in droves. They crash and burn" Or compare William Pollak, a Harvard psychologist, on boys: "Our nation is home to millions of boys who are cast out to sea in separate lifeboats, and feel that they are drowning in isolation, depression, loneliness and despair". Half an hour listening to "Oprah" or browsing in a bookshop could produce a dozen equally depressing theses, expressed in equally dismal metaphors, about every, sort of American.

(42)______.

This literature is built on one huge assumption: that Americans are a fragile bunch. Forget about the flinty Pilgrims who built a hyperpower out of a wilderness. Today's Americans are so vulnerable they need to be shielded from competition. In their excellent new book, "One Nation Under Therapy: How the Helping Culture is Eroding Self-Reliance" (St. Martin's Press). Christina Hoff Sommers and Sally Satel of the American Enterprise Institute, detail the rise of an ever-proliferating profession of grief counselors, trauma therapists, syndrome specialists, stress-reducers and assorted degree-bearing charlatans.

(43)______.

This book has naturally garnered favourable reviews from fellow conservatives. Yet the right is equally prey to its own variety of crisis-mongering. Conservatives blame sin, rather than syndromes, and cultural decline, rather than economic dislocation. But many share the left's sense of human vulnerability, and a surprising number have a weakness for psychobabble. It is no accident that the most powerful man in the Christian right. James Dobson, the head of Focus on the Family, is both a child psychologist and a veritable fountain of social' science statistics.

(44)______.

For conservatives, the family is being battered by pop culture, gay rights and feminism. Rebecca Hagelin of the Heritage Foundation argues that, thanks in pan to the ubiquity of the porn culture, America has gone "stark raving mad" (to use the subtitle of her new book). Gloomy conservative groups issue toe-curling warnings about the "inexorable grip of homosexual lust" and "feminism's love affair with abortion, and lesbianism".

(45)______.

Is this really true? Take a look at most of the recent cultural indicators, and it is hard to know where to start with the good news. The proportion of black children living with married parents is increasing. The proportion of women with infants in the. workforce (the women that is, not the infants) is declining, meaning that more mothers are staying at home. Both teenage pregnancy rates and teenage abortion rates have declined by about a third over the past 15 years. For all the talk of "hooking up", a growing proportion of schoolchildren are waiting to have sex until they are older.

The good news is not confined to sex. Child poverty is down substantially from its high in 1993(whatever happened to the "disastrous consequences" of welfare reform?) So is juv

Part B (10 points)

(41)Orientation

Yellowstone is much more than hot ground and gushing steam. Located astride the Continental Divide, most of the park occupies a high plateau surrounded by mountains and drained by several rivers. Park boundaries enclose craggy peaks, alpine lakes, deep canyons, and vast forests. In 1872, Yellowstone became the world's first national park, the result of great foresight on the part of many people about our eventual need for the solace and beauty of wild places.

(42) When to Go

More than half of the 3 million annum visitors come in July and August. In September and early October, the weather is good, the visitors few, and the wildlife abundant. In May and June, you can see newborn animals, but the weather may be cold, wet, and even snowy. Between about No-vember 1 and May 1 most park roads are closed to vehicles.

(43) Getting There

(44) How to Visit

The 142-mile (228.5-kilometer) Grand Loop Road forms a figure eight, with connecting spurs to the five entrances. On any visit, start with the geyser basins and Mammoth Hot Springs to see wildlife and thermal features (caution: both can be hazardous if approached too closely). On the second day, travel to the Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone, Hayden Valley, and Yellowstone Lake.

(45) Park Information

Park opens year-round.

[A] Road from North Entrance to Northeast Entrance open all year; most other park roads closed to cars November through April. Call headquarters for latest weather and road conditions.

[B] Facilities for Disabled Visitor centers, Madison and Fishing Bridge Campgrounds, most rest rooms, amphitheaters, numerous ranger-led activities, walks, and exhibits are wheelchair accessible. Free brochure available.

[C] On a longer stay, visit the Northern Range, or consider a boating or fishing trip on Yellowstone Lake; a backcountry excursion on foot or horse; or any of the numerous easy nature trails throughout the park.

[D] In early years, what made Yellowstone stand out was the extravaganza of geysers and hot springs. The wild landscape and the bison, elk, and bears were nice but, after all, America was still a pioneer country filled with scenic beauty and animals.

[E] By Plane

West Yellowstone Airport (WYS) at the West Entrance of Yellowstone. (This airport is open June through September.)

Cody Airport (COD) about 50 miles (81 kilometers) from the park.

[F] During the winter season, mid-December to mid-March, Yellowstone becomes a fantasy of steam and ice; facilities are limited but sufficient. Only the road between the North and Northeast Entrances stays open to cars, but snowmobiling is permitted on unplowed roads. Heated snow coaches offer tours and give cross-country skiers access to the 50 miles (80.5 kilometers ) of groomed trails.

(41)

Part B (10 points)

You are going to read a text of tips on interview, followed by a list of explanations (or examples). Choose the best explanation/example from the list for each numbered subheading. There is one extra explanation/example which you do not need to use.

Attire, body language and manners count during interviews. After all, interviewers are regular people like the rest of us, easily impressed by good behavior. and just as easily offended by inappropriate behavior. Yet, surveys show that job candidates' interview manners and other professionalisms are on the decline.

On the next pages are tips for acting professionally before, during and after interviews, to avoid offending interviewers and increase your chances of landing a job. (For more interview tips and other job-searching help, click on the links in the sidebar, under Related Resources.) These interview tips are based on good manners in the United States. Good manners are appreciated everywhere, but what constitutes then, may differ among other countries.

(41) Do your homework:

Research the company and study the job description before you interview, as your inter viewer will likely ask what you know about the company and why you want the job.

(42) Get your personal papers ready:

Collect and neatly arrange your important papers and work samples in a nice briefcase or portfolio.

Dress appropriately:

Practice good hygiene, comb or brush your hair, and dress appropriately. Even if you know that the company dress is business-casual, dress up anyway. It shows professionalism and respect, and most importantly, that you know how to dress for interviews.

(43) Be punctual:

Unless otherwise instructed (e. g., to fill out a job application), arrive five to ten minutes early for the interview;

Sit with good pasture:

If you don't know what to do with your hands, keep them folded in your lap. This is another indication of good manners. Avoid crossing your arms over your chesty as it subliminally demonstrates a closed mind to some.

(44) Read the mood:

(45) Maintain eye contact:

Maintain eye contact with the interviewer.

It's okay to ask questions to better answer the questions the interviewer asks you. But withhold the bulk of your questions until the interviewer asks if you have any, which is typically toward the end of the interview. Avoid asking the frivolous just because interviewers expect you to have questions. Instead, ask about important matters, such as job duties, management style. and the financial health of the company. It's not a good idea to ask questions about vacation, sick days, lunch breaks and so on, right off the bat. Ask about the lesser matters of importance during follow-up interviews.

Typically, you'll negotiate salary, benefits, perks and such in a follow-up interview. Regardless, don't bring it up until asked, yet be ready to discuss it at anytime.

A. This makes you look organized and professional. Remember to pack relevant documents such as extra resumes and reference lists, immigrant work-authorization papers, letters of recommendation, and information required on job applications. Bring at least one pen and pencil, and a notepad too.

B. If the interviewer is formal, then you probably should be, too. If the interviewer is casual, then follow along while remaining courteous and professional. In either case, try to appear to be relaxed, but not too relaxed. It's not a good idea to put your feet up on the interviewer's desk!

C. Avoid staring or you might make the interviewer uncomfortable, but don't look away too often either. To some, failure to maintain a comfortable level of eye contact indicates that you are lying, reaching for answers or lacking confidence.

D. It also

ion was very successful. You will write a complimentary letter to The World Trade Centre to extend your individual commendation. You will thank the manager director Mr. John Smith for his encouragement and support, and mention Judith Blakely in particular for her warmly help.

Write your complimentary letter (100-120 words).

You can write here, but you must then copy what you have written on to your Answer Sheet.

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

er, inquiring on product availability.

Read the following letter.

John Miller, Ph. D.

Post Office Box 444

Marietta, Georgia 30061

U.S. A.

March 18, 199-

Chambers Appliances

1214 Randolph Building

Tulsa 1, Oklahoma

U.S.A.

Attention of Sales Manager

Gentlemen:

My mother gave me her Chambers Mixmaster when I was married in 1963. While I have no record of a serial number, I would venture to say that she purchased it around 1955. The fact that this appliance never once failed either of us, nor required any service whatsoever throughout all of those years of use, is one that deserves to be brought to your attention. You truly make fine kitchen equipment.

The problem is that during our recent move to Florida the movers lost my Mixmaster. After inquiring at several retail outlets as to where I could locate an older model as a replacement, I am following their suggestions that I write to you. While I know your current model has many new advantages, I would prefer to purchase one of older vintage. Can you help?

I shall be looking forward to your reply.

Yours very truly,

John Miller

Write a letter of reply (50-60 words) to John Miller, saying the model inquired is discontinued and promoting a new one.

You can write here, but you must then copy what you have written on to your Answer Sheet.

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

and a child rarely dislikes food __ 26__ it is badly cooked. The __ 27__ a meal is cooked and served is most important and an __ 28__ served meal will often improve a child&39;s appetite. Never ask a child __ 29__ he likes or dislikes a food and never __ 30__ likes and dislikes in front of him or allow __ 31__ else to do so. If the father says he hates fat meat or the mother __ 32__ vegetables in the child&39;s hearing he is __ 33__ to copy this procedure. Take it __ 34__ granted that he likes everything and he probably __ 35__ . Nothing healthful should be omitted from the meal because of a __ 36__ dislike. At meal times it is a good __ 37__ to give a child a small portion and let him __ 38__ back for a second helping rather than give him as __ 39__ as he is likely to eat all at once. Do not talk too much to the child __ 40__ meal times, but let him get on with his food, and do not __ 41__ him to leave the table immediately after a meal or he will __ 42__ learn to swallow his food __ 43__ he can hurry back to his toys. Under __ 44__ circumstances must a child be coaxed (哄骗) __ 45 __ forced to eat.

26选（）

A.if

B.until

C.that

D.unless

27选（）A.procedure

B.process

C.way

D.method

31选（）A.everybody

B.anybody

C.somebody

D.nobody

32选（）A.opposes

B.denies

C.refuses

D.offends

33选（）A.willing

B.possible

C.obliged

D.likely

34选（）A.with

B.as

C.over

D.for

35选（）A.should

B.may

C.will

D.must

36选（）A.supposed

B.proved

C.considered

D.relied

37选（）A.point

B.custom

C.idea

D.plan

38选（）A.ask

B.custom

C.return

D.take

39选（）A.much

B.little

C.few

D.many

40选（）A.on

B.over

C.during

D.by

41选（）A.agree

B.allow

C.force

D.persuade

42选（）A.hurriedly

B.soon

C.fast

D.slowly

43选（）A.so

B.until

C.lest

D.although

44选（）A.some

B.any

C.such

D.no

45选（）A.or

B.nor

C.but

D.neither

28选（）A.adequately

B.attractively

C.urgently

D.eagerly

29选（）A.whether

B.what

C.which

D.that

30选（）A.remark

B.tell

C.discuss

D.argue

请帮忙给出每个问题的正确答案和分析，谢谢！

Questions 19-25 (14 marks)

Read the following article from a magazine and answer questions 19-25.

For questions 19-25, choose the correct answer A, B, C or D.

British universities, groaning under the burden of a huge increase in student numbers, are warning that the tradition of a free education is at risk. The universities have threatened to impose an admission fee on students to plug a gap in revenue if the government does not act to improve their finances and scrap some public spending cutbacks. The government responded to the universities&39; threat by setting up the most fundamental review of higher education for a generation, under a non-party troubleshooter, Sir Ron Dearing.

One in three school-leavers enters higher education, five times the number when the last review took place thirty years ago.

Everyone agrees a system that is feeling the strain after rapid expansion needs a lot more money -- but there is little hope of getting it from the taxpayer and not much scope for attracting more finance from business.

Most colleges believe students should contribute to tuition costs, something that is common elsewhere in the world but would mark a revolutionary change in Britain. Universities want the government to introduce a loan scheme for tuition fees and have suspended their own threatened action for now. They await Dearing&39;s advice, hoping it will not be too late -- some are already reported to be in financial difficulty.

As the century nears its end, the whole concept of what a university should be is under the microscope. Experts ponder how much they can use computers instead of classrooms, talk of the need for lifelong learning and refer to students as “consumers.”

The Confederation of British Industry, the key employers&39; organization, wants even more expansion in higher education to help fight competition on world markets from booming Asian economies. But the government has doubts about more expansion. The Times newspaper egress, complaining that quality has suffered as student numbers soared, with close tutorial supervision giving way to “mass production methods more typical of European universities.”

The chief concern of British universities is how to

A.tackle their present financial difficulty.

B.expand the enrollment to meet the needs of enterprises.

C.improve their educational technology.

D.put an end to the current tendency of quality deterioration.

Which of the following is the viewpoint of the Times newspaper?A.Expansion in enrollment is bound to affect the quality of British higher education.

B.British universities should expand their enrollment to meet the needs of industry.

C.European universities can better meet the needs of the modern world.

D.British universities should help fight competition on world markets.

What does "ponder" in the 6th paragraph possibly mean?A.Pick out

B.Prompt

C.Think about

D.Dwell

What was the percentage of high school graduates admitted to universities in Britain thirty years ago?A.20% or so.

B.About 15%.

C.Above 30%.

D.Below 10%.

We can learn from the passage that in BritainA.the government pays dearly for its financial policy.

B.universities are mainly funded by businesses.

C.higher education is provided free of charge.

D.students are ready to accept loan schemes for tuition.

What is the typical educational method of the British universities?A.There will be tutors who are responsible for the education of the students

B.The tutor will try to become the administrator of the university.

C.A lot of students will be supervised by one tutor when they are writing thesis.

D.The students are required to take some part-time jobs so as to enrich their experiences.

It can be inferred from the passage thatA.the British government will be forced to increase its spending on higher education

B.British employers demand an expansion in enrollment at the expense of quality

C.the best way out for British universities is to follow their European counterparts

D.British students will probably have to pay for their higher education in the near future

请帮忙给出每个问题的正确答案和分析，谢谢！