B.The development of refrigeration
C.The transportation of goods to market
D.Sources of ice in the nineteenth century
According to the passage , when did the word "icebox" become part of the language of the United States?A.in 1803
B.sometime before 1850
C.during the civil war
D.near the end of the nineteenth century
According to the passage , which of the following was an obstacle to the development of theicebox?A.Competition among the owners of refrigerated freight cars
B.The lack of a network for the distribution of ice
C.The use of insufficient insulation
D.Inadequate understanding of physics
The author mentions fish in line 4 becauseA.many fish dealers also sold ice
B.fish was shipped in refrigerated freight cars
C.fish dealers were among the early commercial users of ice
D.fish was not part of the ordinary person's diet before the invention of the icebox
The word "it" in line 5 refers toA.fresh meat
B.the Civil War
C.ice
D.a refrigerator
The word "rudimentary" in line 12 is closest in meaning toA.growing
B.undeveloped
C.necessary
D.uninteresting
The author describes Thomas Moore as having been "on the right track" (lines 18-19) toindicate thatA.the road to the market passed close to Moore's farm
B.Moore was an honest merchant
C.Moore was a prosperous farmer
D.Moore's design was fairly successful
The "produce" mentioned in line 25 could includeA.iceboxes
B.butter
C.ice
D.markets
The phrase "forward-look-ing" in line 4 is closest in meaning toA.progressive
B.popular
C.thrifty
D.well-established
According to the information in the second paragraph, an ideal icebox wouldA.completely prevent ice from melting
B.stop air from circulating
C.allow ice to melt slowly
D.use blankets to conserve ice
According to the passage , Moore's icebox allowed him toA.charge more for his butter
B.travel to market at night
C.manufacture butter more quickly
D.produce ice all year round
请帮忙给出每个问题的正确答案和分析,谢谢!
第1题
These attitudes toward novels help explain why Austin received little attention from early 19—century literary critics. The literary response that was accorded her, however, was often as incisive as 20th century criticism. In his attack in 1816 on novelistic portrayal "outside of ordinary experience", for example, Scott made an insightful remark about the merits of Austin' s fiction. Her novels, wrote Scott, "present to the reader an accurate and exact picture of ordinary everyday people and places, reminiscent of 17th century Flemish Painting." Scott did not use the word "realism", but he undoubtedly used a standard of realistic probability in judging novels. The critic Whately did not use the word realism either, but he expressed agreement with Scott' s evaluation, and went on to suggest the possibilities for moral instruction what we have called Austin' s realistic method. Her characters, wrote Whately, am persuasive agents for moral truth since they are ordinary persons "so clearly evoked that we feel an interest in their fate as if it were our own" Moral instruction, explained Whately, is more likely to be effective when conveyed through recognizably truman and interesting characters than when imparted by a sermonizing narrator. Whately especially praised Austin' s ability to create characters who "mingle goodness and villainy, weakness and virtue, as in life they arc always mingled." Whitely concluded this remarks by comparing Austin' s art of characterization to Dickens' , stating his preference to Austin' s.
Yet the response of 19-century literary critics to Austin was not always so laudatory, and often anticipated the reservations of 20th century critics. An example of such a response was Lewes' complaint in 1859 that Austin' range of subjects and characters was too narrow. Praising her verisimilitude, Lewes added that nonetheless her focus was too often upon only the unlofty and the commonplace. (20th century Marxists, on tile other hand, were to complain about what they saw as her exclusive emphasis on a lofty upper-middle class. ) In any case, having been rescued by some literary critics from neglect and indeed gradually lionized by them, Austin steadily reached, by the midnineteenth century, the enviable pinnacle of being considered controversial.
The author mentions that English literature "was not part of any academic curriculum" in the early 19th century in order to______.
A.emphasize the need for Jane Austin to create ordinary, everyday characters in her novels
B.give support to those religious and political groups that had attacked fiction
C.suggest the superiority of an informal and unsystematized approach to the study of literature
D.give one reason why Jane Austin' s novels received little critical attention in the early 19th century
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