As suburbs grew, businesses moved into the new areas. Largeshopping centres containing a g

A.Because

B.Because of

C.Since

D.Cause

A.merchants

B.castles

C.suburbs

D.ports

E.severe

F.bizarreG、moistH、improbable

A.Because

B.Because of

C.Since

D.Cause

A．They did not need to pay higher taxes when living in suburbs

B．Car industry rapidly developed and motorways swiftly emerged

C．They discriminated against the black people living in city centers

D．The richer they grew， the more demand they had on privacy and space

Section B

Directions: This section is to test your ability to understand short conversations. There are 2 recorded conversations in it. After each conversation, there are some recorded questions. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, you should choose the correct answer from the 4 choices marked A, B, C, and D.

听力原文：M: You like living in New York, don't you？

W: Oh, I love it. It's so convenient. I can take the bus to work or the subway or a taxi. And there's so much to do.

M: I know what you mean. I'd like to live in the city, but living in the suburbs is better for Michelle. Trees, grass. There are a lot of good things about suburban living.

W: I grew up in suburbs, remember？ So I know. But, as a working woman, I think New York has all the conveniences, including the best tomatoes.

M: The truth is, Michelle has lived in suburbs for more than ten years. It is very hard for her to leave her friends.

W: I don't think so. Michelle is at the right age. There are lots of things for her here.

M: But I'm afraid that she cannot adapt herself to the new environment.

W: Don't worry. It is never too late to learn or change.

M: OK, I will think about it.

Q6. What is the woman's choice？

7.What do you know about the man？

(6)

A．To live in the suburbs.

B．To live in the city.

C．To work in New York.

D．To have some changes.

听力原文： Copenhagen has been the capital of Denmark for 600 years and is also the largest city in Scandinavia. Copenhagen means "merchants' harbor." It grew in size and importance because of its position, the body of water between Denmark and Sweden, guarding the entrance to the Baltic. From its humble beginnings, Copenhagen has become the largest city in Scandinavia. It's the seat of one of the oldest kingdoms in the world. Over the centuries Copenhagen has suffered more than its share of disasters. In the 17th century the Swedes repeatedly besieged it, and in the 18th century it endured the plague and two devastating fires. The British attacked twice during the Napoleonic wars in the early 1800s. Its last major disaster occurred in 1940 when the Nazis invaded Denmark and held it in their grip until 1945 when the British army moved in again, this time as liberators. Copenhagen still retains some of the characteristics of a village. If you forget the suburbs, you can cover most of the central belt on foot, making it a great place to visit.

(26)

A．In the 17th century.

B．In 1940.

C．In the early 1800s.

D．In 1945.

请阅读Passage 2，完成第26—30题。

Passage 2

Until a decade or two ago， the centers of many Western cities were emptying while their edges were spreading. This was not for the reasons normally cited. Neither the car nor the motorway caused suburban sprawl， although they sped it up: cities were spreading before either came along.

Nor was the flight to the suburbs caused by racism. Whites fled inner-city neighborhoods that were becoming black， but they also fled ones that were not. Planning and zoning rules encouraged sprawl， as did tax breaks for home ownership——but cities spread regardless of these. The real cause was mass affluence. As people grew richer， they demanded more privacy and space. Only a few could afford that in city centers; the rest moved out.

The same process is now occurring in the developing world， but much more quickly. The pop-ulation density of metropolitan Beijing has collapsed since 1970， falling from 425 people per hectare to 65. Indian cities are following; Brazil"s are ahead. And suburbanization has a long way to run. Beijing is now about as crowded as metropolitan Chicago was at its most closely packed， in the 1920s. Since then Chicago"s density has fallen by almost three-quarters.

This is welcome. Romantic notions of sociable， high-density living——notions pushed， for the most part， by people who themselves occupy rather spacious residences——ignore the squalor and lack of privacy to be found in Kinshasa， Mumbai or the other crowded cities of the poor world.

Many of them are far too dense for dignified living， and need to spread out.

The Western suburbs to which so many aspire are healthier than their detractors say. The modern Stepfords are no longer white monocultures， but that is progress. For every Ferguson there are many American suburbs that have quietly become black， Hispanic or Asian， or a blend of every-one. Picaresque accounts of decay overlook the fact that America"s suburbs are half as criminal and a little more than half as poor as central cities. Even as urban centers revive， more Americans move from city centre to suburb than go the other way.

But the West has also made mistakes， from which the rest of the world can learn. The first lesson is that suburban sprawl imposes costs on everyone. Suburbanites tend to use more roads and consume more carbon than urbanites （though perhaps not as much as distant commuters forced out by green belts）. But this damage can be alleviated by a carbon tax， by toll roads and by charging for parking. Many cities in the emerging world have followed the foolish American practice of re-quiring property developers to provide a certain number of parking spaces for every building——something that makes commuting by car much more attractive than it would be otherwise. Scrap-ping them would give public transport a chance.

The second is that it is foolish to try to stop the spread of suburbs. Green belts， the most ef-fective method for doing this， push up property prices and encourage long-distance commuting. The cost of housing in London， already astronomical， went up by 19% in the past year， reflecting not just the city"s strong economy but also the impossibility of building on its edges. The insistence on big minimum lot sizes in some American suburbs and rural areas has much the same effect. Cities that try to prevent growth through green belts often end up weakening themselves， as Seoul has done.

A wiser policy would be to plan for huge expansion. Acquire strips of land for roads and rail-ways， and chunks for parks， before the city sprawls into them. New York"s 19th-century governors decided where Central Park was going to go long before the city reached it. New York went on to develop in a way that they could not have imagined， but the park is still there. This is not the state control of the new-town planner——that confident soul who believes he knows where people will want to live and work， and how they will get from one to the other. It is the realism needed to manage the inevitable. A model of living that has broadly worked well in the West is spreading， adapting to local conditions as it goes. We should all look forward to the time when Chinese and Indian teenagers write sulky songs about the appalling dullness of suburbia.

For which of the following reasons did the west move out of cities？ 查看材料

A.They didn"t need to pay higher taxes when living in suburbs.

B.Car industry rapidly developed and motorways swiftly emerged.

C.They discriminated against the black people living in city centers.

D.The richer they grew， the more demand they had on privacy and space.

lude nearby land and people; by natural increase—an excess of births over deaths; and by migration—an excess of in-migrants over out-migrants. Between the Civil War and the early 1900s, many cities joined nearby suburbs, thereby increasing their populations. The most notable union occurred in 1898 when New York City, which had consisted only of Manhattan, united with four surrounding boroughs and grew overnight from 1.5 million to over 3 million people. Although annexation(合并) did increase urban populations somewhat, its major effect was to enlarge the physical size of cities. As death rates declined in the late nineteenth century, the populations of most cities increased naturally, and urban birthrates also fell steadily throughout the nineteenth century. As a result, in most cases natural increase did not account for very much of any given city's population growth during the period. Migration and immigration made by far the greatest contribution to urban population growth. In fact, migration to nearby cities matched the migration to the West that was occurring at the same time. Each year millions of people were on the move, many of them attracted by the cities' promise of opportunity. Urban newcomers arrived from two major sources: the American countryside and Europe. Asia, Canada, and Latin America also supplied immigrants, but in smaller numbers.

The phrase "a given place" in this passage refers to ______.

A．America

B．any area in the world

C．the American countryside

D．any American city